Articles
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More than 200 results
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (P)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter P and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R ...
Article
Condylar emissary veins
The condylar emissary veins (anterior, lateral, posterior) are major posterior cranial fossa emissary veins:
anterior condylar vein connects the internal vertebral venous plexus to the internal jugular vein
lateral and posterior condylar veins connect the external vertebral venous system with ...
Article
Intraventricular hemorrhage
Intraventricular hemorrhage denotes the presence of blood within the cerebral ventricular system. It is associated with significant morbidity due to the risk of obstructive hydrocephalus.
It can be divided into primary or secondary, with primary hemorrhage being far less common than secondary:...
Article
Thyroid cartilage
The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the cartilages of the larynx, with its superior border sitting at the level of the C4 vertebra.
Gross anatomy
The thyroid cartilage consists of bilateral flattened laminae that are fused in the anterior midline to form the laryngeal prominence (Adam's ap...
Article
Chronic exogenous lipoid pneumonia
Chronic exogenous lipoid pneumonia is a subtype of exogenous lipoid pneumonia.
Epidemiology
Typically occurs in older patients but also has been reported in children as well as infants with usage of mineral oil as a lubricant to facilitate feeding. Can occur in patients without a predisposing...
Article
Portal vein thrombosis
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) may be seen in a variety of clinical contexts, and when acute can be a life-threatening condition. It is a major cause of non-cirrhotic presinusoidal portal hypertension. Portal vein thrombus may be either bland and/or malignant (i.e. tumor thrombus), and it is a cri...
Article
Acquired cholesteatoma
Acquired cholesteatomas are far more common than congenital cholesteatomas and are almost always closely related to the tympanic membrane and pneumatized portion of the temporal bone from which most are thought to arise 9.
Cholesteatomas occur far more commonly in the middle ear than in the ext...
Article
Computer aided diagnosis
Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) is the use of a computer generated output as an assisting tool for a clinician to make a diagnosis. It is different from automated computer diagnosis, in which the end diagnosis is based on a computer algorithm only.
As an early form of artificial intelligence, co...
Article
Pelvic osteotomy
Pelvic osteotomy relates to an orthopedic treatment for developmental acetabular dysplasia of the hip.
The main purpose of pelvic osteotomy is the prevention of early degenerative changes by stabilization of the hip and redistribution of joint loading. It is obtained by surgical reshaping/remod...
Article
Systemic lupus erythematosus (CNS manifestations)
Central nervous system manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (CNS lupus), also known as neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE), describe a very diverse range of neuropsychiatric manifestations that are secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the central nervous...
Article
Cockade sign (intraosseous lipoma)
The cockade sign describes the classic appearance of a calcaneal intraosseous lipoma seen as a well-defined lytic lesion with a central calcification.
History and etymology
It is named after a cockade, which is a badge, usually in the form of a rosette or knot, generally worn on the hat.
Article
Hibbs angle
The Hibbs angle, a.k.a. lateral calcaneo-first metatarsal angle, has been used to identify the apex of deformity in patients with pes cavus on lateral weight-bearing radiographs.
Measurement
The Hibbs angle is formed by the lines running along the axes of the calcaneus and the first metatarsal...
Article
Prostaglandin-induced cortical hyperostosis in infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease
Prostaglandin-induced cortical hyperostosis in infants is a well-known side-effect from the treatment of cyanotic congenital heart diseases. Prostaglandin-E1 (injectable form), and prostaglandin-E2 (oral form) are E-type prostaglandins (PGE), that are commonly used in newborns with cyanotic cong...
Article
Intraosseous lipoma
Intraosseous lipomas are rare benign lesions that account for about 0.1-2.5% of all bone tumors. They are, however, the most common lipogenic tumors in bone 6.
Intraosseous lipomas account for one of the 'I's in the popular mnemonic for lucent bone lesions FEGNOMASHIC.
Epidemiology
Intraosseo...
Article
Talar declination angle
The talar declination angle is used to assess the longitudinal arch height including in Charcot foot.
Measurement
The talar declination angle is drawn on the weight-bearing lateral foot radiograph between the mid-talar axis and the supporting surface.
Interpretation
It should usually measure...
Article
Diagnostic HRCT criteria for usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern - ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT (2018)
As a part of international evidence-based guidelines adopted by a collaborative effort of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), the European Respiratory Society (ERS), the Japanese Respiratory Society (JRS), and the Latin American Thoracic Association (ALAT), specific diagnostic HRCT criteria for...
Article
Portal venous gas
Portal venous gas, also known as pneumatosis portalis, is the accumulation of gas in the portal vein and its branches. It needs to be distinguished from pneumobilia, although this is usually not too problematic when associated findings are taken into account along with the pattern of gas (i.e. p...
Article
Hallux rigidus
Hallux rigidus (osteoarthrosis with restricted motion) is the second most common disabling deformity of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint after hallux valgus.
Terminology
Hallux limitus is distinct from hallux rigidus, the former referring to the functional pain secondary to lack of fl...
Article
Pemtrexed induced pneumonitis
Pemtrexed induced pneumonitis is a very rarely reported form of drug-induced lung disease occurring as a result of the drug pemtrexed (AlimtaTM) which is used in the treatment of malignant mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Only limited literature has been published with most ...
Article
First metatarsal declination angle
The first metatarsal declination angle can be used to assess for metatarsus primus elevatus in hallux rigidus.
Measurement
The first metatarsal declination angle is formed between the longitudinal axis of the first metatarsal and the supporting surface 1-4.
Interpretation
normal: 20-21° 1-...
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