Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Traction oesophageal diverticulum
A traction oesophageal diverticulum is a true oesophageal diverticulum (i.e. includes all layers of the oesophageal wall) which occurs secondary to external pulling/traction forces on the oesophageal wall.
Pathology
Aetiology
pulmonary/mediastinal scarring or fibrosis
inflammatory processes ...
Article
Ureterocele
Ureteroceles represent abnormal congenital dilatation of the distal-most portion of the ureter. The dilated portion of the ureter may herniate into the bladder secondary to the abnormal structure of vesicoureteric junction (VUJ).
Epidemiology
A ureterocele occurs in about 1 in 5,000 to 1 in 12...
Article
Localised cystic renal disease
Localised cystic renal disease (LCRD), also known as localised cystic kidney disease, is an uncommon, non-familial, non-progressive disease characterised by clusters of cysts seperated by otherwise normal renal parenchyma. It can be confused with unilateral autosomal dominant polycystic kidney d...
Article
Hip joint replacement associated cerclage wires
Cerclage wires in hip joint replacements can sometimes be encountered on postoperative radiographs or other cross-sectional imaging. They are typically seen around the femoral stem and are usually used to stabilise a proximal femoral crack after stem insertion in cementless total hip arthroplast...
Article
Chronic interstitial pneumonitis
Chronic interstitial pneumonitis is a broad descriptive term where an interstitial pneumonia has a prolonged course. It can arise from a range of aetiologies. The term does not usually imply a specific radiographic pattern and includes UIP, NSIP or other patterns. As a general rule, there is lit...
Article
Fluoroscopic myelography
Fluoroscopic myelography is a technique that allows the visualisation of the theca by the introduction of contrast medium into the CSF. This is usually accomplished by a lumbar puncture, or less commonly a suboccipital puncture.
The patient can then be tilted and rotated to cause the contrast, ...
Article
Congenital aortic stenosis
Congenital aortic stenosis broadly refers to a congenital narrowing of the aortic lumen. Although the term can mean narrowing at any point, it often relates to a narrowing of the aortic valve. As a broad group, there can be some overlap with ascending aortic coarctation depending on the definiti...
Article
High bone mineral density
A high bone mineral density is one where the bone mineral density (BMD) is usually greater than two standard deviations above what is expected for age. This can sometimes be seen on routine DEXA scan assessment. Some authors advocate a definition of a high BMD where the Z-score is greater than +...
Article
Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration
Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration is an uncommon irreversible extrapyramidal neurodegenerative condition encountered in patients with cirrhotic chronic liver disease, resulting in widespread cerebral, basal ganglia, and cerebellar damage.
Terminology
Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration is...
Article
Synchronous primary lung carcinoma
Synchronous primary lung carcinoma (SPLC) is a term given to the occurrence of two or more primary lung carcinomas within different portions of the lung in the same time period.
They are thought to carry the same pathophysiological mechanism as metachronous lung carcinoma (i.e. two or more prim...
Article
Papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix
Papillary squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) of the cervix is a distinct subtype of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.
Pathology
These tumours are characterised by a papillary architecture containing fibrovascular cores and moderate to severe dysplasia without any frank keratinisation and koil...
Article
Meyers and McKeever classification of ACL avulsion fractures
Meyers and McKeever classification is used to categorise ACL avulsion fractures.
Usage
The Meyers and McKeever classification is the most frequently used system (c. 2024) to describe ACL avulsion fractures 2.
Classification
Under the Meyers and McKeever system (with modifications by Zariczny...
Article
Periportal halo (CT/US)
Periportal halo or periportal collar sign refers to a zone of low attenuation seen around the intrahepatic portal veins on contrast-enhanced CT or hypoechogenicity on liver ultrasound. It likely represents periportal oedema, which is often used as a synonymous term. Periportal haloes may occur a...
Article
Skeletal survey (overview)
The skeletal survey is a radiographic series performed to survey the entire skeleton (axial skeleton, upper and lower limbs) for pathology or injury. Specific projections vary depending on the clinical indication and the institution's protocol.
There are various clinical indications that may wa...
Article
Bowl of grapes sign
The bowl of grapes sign has been described in synovial sarcoma. It refers to the characteristic multilobulated lesion subdivided by multiple septa, forming large cystic foci with regions of haemorrhage.
Article
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an inflammatory dermatological disease with several variants. The most common variant is plaque psoriasis, other variants of the disease are guttate, erythrodermic and pustular psoriasis 1.
Epidemiology
There is a geographic variation in the prevalence of psoriasis such that popul...
Article
Right lower lobe collapse
Right lower lobe (RLL) collapse forms a triangular opacity extending from the hilum to the diaphragm. There is less overlap with the heart shadow compared to left lower lobe collapse.
Findings of lower lobe collapse can be grouped together as they are almost identical on both sides.
For a gen...
Article
Anderson and Montesano classification of occipital condyle fractures
The Anderson and Montesano classification is a widely used system for describing occipital condyle fractures. It divides injuries into three types based on morphology and mechanism of injury 1-5.
Classification
type I: impacted type occipital condyle fracture
morphology: comminution of the co...
Article
Os odontoideum
Os odontoideum (plural: ossa odontoidea) is an anatomic variant of the odontoid process of C2 and needs to be differentiated from persistent ossiculum terminale and from a type 2 odontoid fracture. It can be associated with atlantoaxial instability.
Although it was originally thought to be a c...
Article
Orthopantomography
The orthopantomogram (also known as an orthopantomograph, pantomogram, OPG or OPT) is a panoramic single image radiograph of the mandible, maxilla and teeth. It is often encountered in dental practice and occasionally in the emergency department; providing a convenient, inexpensive and rapid way...
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