Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Bipartite patella
A bipartite patella (two-part patella) is a patella with an unfused accessory ossification centre, typically at the superolateral aspect.
Epidemiology
The superolateral accessory ossification centre of the patella is usually present by 12 years of age and may persist into adult life. Bipartite...
Article
Pseudosacculation
Pseudosacculations (also known as pseudodiverticula) are outpouchings of normal bowel wall along the antimesenteric border. Inflammation and fibrosis along the mesenteric border of the bowel loop causes asymmetric shortening of the mesenteric wall and subsequent pseudosacculations of the normal ...
Article
Bird beak sign (sigmoid colon)
Bird's beak sign of the sigmoid is one of the signs of sigmoid volvulus. It represents gradual narrowing/tapering of the sigmoid colon up to the level of obstruction during contrast/barium insertion to the rectum or on CT.
When located in the sigmoid colon, it suggests the diagnosis of sigmoid ...
Article
Tennis leg
Tennis leg represents a myofascial or tendinous injury of the lower limb and, not surprisingly, is seen most frequently in tennis players.
Epidemiology
Although classically seen in people who play tennis, it can also be induced by playing squash, skiing, and athletics. Therefore, it typically ...
Article
Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia
Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia, or anterolateral bowing of the tibia with congenital dysplasia, describes abnormal bowing that can progress to a segment of bone loss simulating the appearance of a joint. The condition is usually apparent shortly after birth and rarely diagnosed after ag...
Article
Cerebral cavernous venous malformation
Cerebral cavernous venous malformations, also commonly known as cavernous haemangiomas or cavernomas, are common cerebral vascular malformations, usually with characteristic appearances on MRI. It is the third most common cerebral vascular malformation after developmental venous anomaly and capi...
Article
Pleural metastases
Pleural metastases account for the vast majority of malignant lesions of the pleura and are more common than malignant mesothelioma.
Clinical presentation
The infiltration of the pleura usually manifests as pleural effusion, which is the first manifestation of pleural metastasis. In addition t...
Article
Primary melanocytic tumours of the CNS
Primary melanocytic tumours of the central nervous system are a group of related neoplasms of variable aggressiveness which are thought to arise from leptomeningeal melanocytes which are of neural crest origin. Under the 2016 WHO classification of CNS tumours, four entities are recognised 1:
...
Article
Subclavian vein stenosis
Subclavian vein stenosis refers to a narrowing of the subclavian vein.
Clinical presentation
Presentation can be variable ranging from being asymptomatic to having arm swelling, arm pain, paraesthesia, neck pain and occipital headaches.
Pathology
Subclavian vein stenosis can arise from a num...
Article
Tibioperoneal trunk
The tibioperoneal (TP) trunk, occasionally referred to as the tibiofibular trunk, is the direct continuation of the popliteal artery in the posterior upper leg after the origin of the anterior tibial artery. It is a short trunk that bifurcates into two terminal branches.
Terminology
Although ...
Article
Susac syndrome
Susac syndrome, also known as retinocochleocerebral vasculopathy or SICRET syndrome (small infarctions of cochlear, retinal and encephalic tissue), is a rare syndrome typically affecting young to middle-aged women that is clinically characterised by the triad of acute or subacute encephalopathy,...
Article
Crawford classification of thoracoabdominal aneurysms
The Crawford classification system is used to classify thoracoabdominal aneurysms and has important therapeutic implications. Precise classification of anatomical features allows accurate risk stratification and appropriate operative planning 1,2.
Classification
The system divides thoracoabdo...
Article
Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are a collection of syndromes characterised by the presence of, as the name would suggest, multiple neuroendocrine tumours. They are autosomal dominant in inheritance.
MEN1 (Wermer syndrome)
MEN2 (multiple endocrine adenomatosis)
MEN2a (Sipple synd...
Article
External capsule
The external capsule is a series of white matter tracts in the brain situated between the putamen and claustrum. It is composed of claustrocortical fibres dorsally and the combined mass of the uncinate fasciculus and inferior frontal occipital fasciculus ventrally.
Relationships
The lentiform ...
Article
Sinonasal mucormycosis
Sinonasal mucormycosis refers to an uncommon form of invasive fungal sinus infection. Given its highly invasive nature, it can involve orbits and/or intracranial structures.
Clinical presentation
The presentation can vary, ranging from exophthalmos, rhinorrhoea, and ophthalmoplegia with loss o...
Article
Meniscal degeneration
Meniscal degeneration is a process that often occurs due to gradual wear and is commonly associated with advanced knee osteoarthritis. It may or may not be associated with a chronic tear.
See also
meniscal tear
meniscal fraying
Article
Mediastinal haemangioma
Mediastinal haemangioma is a location-specific subtype of a haemangioma.
Epidemiology
Their incidence accounts for less than 0.5% among all mediastinal masses 1.
Clinical presentation
Up to half of patients may be asymptomatic 1. Others may present with non-specific symptoms, such as cough, ...
Article
Deep vein thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) most commonly occurs in the lower limbs; however, it is not uncommon in the upper limb and neck deep veins. Other types of venous thrombosis, such as intra-abdominal and intracranial, are discussed in separate articles.
Terminology
The term indeterminate (equivocal) ...
Article
Fibulotalocalcaneal ligament
The fibulotalocalcaneal ligament is part of the deep crural fascia and runs medially from the posteromedial border of the lateral malleolus (anterior malleolar groove) with two sheet-like laminae that insert on the superolateral surface of the calcaneus and the lateral tubercle of the posterior ...
Article
Osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow
Elbow involvement in osteochondritis dissecans is rare. It is defined as a localised fragmentation of bone overlying the capitellum cartilage. For a general discussion of osteochondritis dissecans refer to the parent article - osteochondritis dissecans.
Epidemiology
Most commonly seen in young...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.