Articles

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More than 200 results
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Accessory left atrial appendage

An accessory left atrial appendage is a frequent fortuitous finding in cardiac imaging, encountered in ~10% of patients. They are more often seen as a small diverticular structure projecting from the right upper side of the left atrial wall. Differential diagnosis it must not be confused with ...
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Lateral talocalcaneal angle

The lateral talocalcaneal angle is one of the angles that can be measured for the assessment of pes planus and pes cavus and assessment of hindfoot deformity. Measurement The lateral talocalcaneal angle is drawn on a weight-bearing lateral foot radiograph. There are two ways that it has been d...
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Internal oblique muscle

The internal oblique muscle is one of the muscles that form the anterior abdominal wall. Inferiorly, it contributes towards the formation of the inguinal ligament. Summary origin: originates along the whole length of the lumbar fascia, from the anterior two-thirds of the intermediate line of t...
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Transversus abdominis muscle

The transversus abdominis muscle, named according to the direction of its muscle fibers, is one of the flat muscles that form the anterior abdominal wall. It is deep to the internal oblique muscle and ends in the anterior aponeurosis, which ultimately blends with the linea alba.  Summary origi...
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External oblique muscle

The external oblique muscle is one of the muscles that forms the anterior abdominal wall. Its free inferior border forms the inguinal ligament, and its aponeurotic part contributes to the anterior wall of the inguinal canal.  Summary origin: outer surface of the shaft of the lower eight ribs 3...
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Focal fatty deposits in bone marrow

Focal fatty deposits, also known as marrow islands or replacements in the bone marrow, are well-defined focal fat islands within the bone marrow of the spine or other parts of the axial skeleton 1,2. Epidemiology Common in older individuals, related to age but not to sex. Associations Focal ...
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External ear

The external ear (or outer ear) comprises the auricle (or pinna), the external auditory meatus, and the tympanic membrane ("eardrum"). The auricle concentrates and amplifies sound waves and funnels them through the outer acoustic pore into the external auditory meatus to the tympanic membrane. ...
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Superior vermian vein

The superior vermian vein is formed in the midline over the superior aspect of the cerebellar vermis (over the anterior lobe) by multiple tributaries draining not just the subjacent vermis but also the adjacent cerebellar hemispheres. These tributaries most often coalesce into a single trunk ove...
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Facial nerve

The facial nerve is the seventh (CN VII) cranial nerve and comprises two roots, a motor root and a smaller mixed sensory, taste and parasympathetic root, known as nervus intermedius, which join together within the temporal bone (TA: nervus facialis or nervus cranialis VII). The facial nerve has...
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Canalis basilaris medianus

The canalis basilaris medianus (median basal canal), also known as clival canal, median clival canal, or inferior median clival canal, refers to a number of anatomic variant midline canals in the clivus, typically involving the basioccipital portion. Gross anatomy These canals are generally we...
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Azygos vein

The azygos vein is a unilateral vessel that ascends in the thorax to the right of the vertebral column, carrying deoxygenated blood from the posterior chest and abdominal walls. It forms part of the azygos venous system. Terminology The spelling azygous when referring to the vein is incorrect,...
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Modiolus (mouth)

The modiolus (plural: modioli), also known as the modiolus anguli oris or commissural modiolus, is a small fibromuscular structure at the corner of the mouth where fibers from multiple facial muscles converge, and helps coordinate the action of these muscles. Gross anatomy The convergence of t...
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Os odontoideum

Os odontoideum (plural: ossa odontoidea) is an anatomic variant of the odontoid process of C2 and needs to be differentiated from persistent ossiculum terminale and from a type 2 odontoid fracture. It can be associated with atlantoaxial instability.  Although it was originally thought to be a c...
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Cervical rib

Cervical ribs are supernumerary or accessory ribs arising from the seventh cervical vertebra. They occur in ~0.5% of the population, are usually bilateral, but often asymmetric 2, and are more common in females. Related pathology Although cervical ribs are usually asymptomatic, they are the mo...
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Ductus deferens

The ductus deferens (plural: ductus deferentes), formerly known as the vas deferens (plural: vasa deferentia), forms part of the male internal genitalia where it transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct. Terminology In modern anatomic nomenclature, it is no longer referred ...
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Aortic arch

The aortic arch represents the direct continuation of the ascending aorta and represents a key area for a review of normal variant anatomy and a wide range of pathological processes that range from congenital anomalies to traumatic injury. Summary origin: continuation of the ascending aorta at...
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Buccal space

The buccal space, also known as the buccinator space, is one of the seven suprahyoid deep compartments of the head and neck. Gross anatomy  The buccal spaces are paired fat-containing spaces on each side of the face forming the cheeks. Each space is enveloped by the superficial (investing) lay...
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Wrist

The wrist is a complex synovial joint formed by articulations of the radius, the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint and the carpal bones. Terminology Somewhat confusingly, the term carpus can be used as a synonym for the wrist joint as a whole, or in a more restricted sense to refer...
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Lamina cribrosa sclerae

The lamina cribrosa sclerae, also known as lamina cribrosa of the sclera, is a net-like structure covering a small hole in the posterior sclera through which the optic nerve (cranial nerve II), central retinal artery and central retinal vein pass.
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Lesions of the prepatellar quadriceps continuation

Lesions of the prepatellar quadriceps continuation are partial or complete tears of the prepatellar quadriceps continuation, that can occur with or without patellar or quadriceps tendon tears and can cause anterior knee pain.  Pathology Disruption and separation of prepatellar quadriceps conti...