Articles
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More than 200 results
Article
Endochondral ossification
Endochondral ossification is one of the two key methods of bone formation (the other being intramembranous ossification). Endochondral ossification occurs in ossification centres within a cartilaginous mould (anlagen) of a bone, progressively replacing that mould with bone 4. After primary ossif...
Article
Complex regional pain syndrome
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), also known as Sudeck atrophy, is a condition that can affect the extremities in a wide clinical spectrum. No one imaging study is sensitive or specific to rule in or rule out the syndrome.
Terminology
Two forms of complex regional pain syndrome have been...
Article
Finkelstein test
The Finkelstein test is a clinical test used to assess the presence of De Quervain's tenosynovitis in people with wrist pain. It is performed by grasping the patient's thumb and deviating the hand in the ulnar direction. If a sharp pain is elicited along the distal radius, this is considered to ...
Article
Angiolipoma
Angiolipomas are rare soft tissue tumours composed of mature adipocytes and vessels. They most commonly arise in the subcutaneous tissues of the extremities.
Please refer to the epidural (spinal) angiolipoma article for a specific discussion. The remainder of this article describes the general ...
Article
Posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
The distal posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL) is a strong ligament of the tibiofibular syndesmosis.
Gross anatomy
The posterior tibiofibular ligament is formed of multiple collagen bundles with interposed fatty tissue and courses obliquely downward from the posterior distal tibia...
Article
Nasu-Hakola disease
Nasu-Hakola disease, also known as polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy, is a rare inherited neuropsychiatric disorder which in addition to cognitive impairment also demonstrates bone cysts.
Epidemiology
Although the exact incidence is not known, the c...
Article
Subcoracoid impingement
Subcoracoid impingement is an unusual form of shoulder impingement and results from narrowing of the coracohumeral interval (space between the tip of the coracoid and the humerus).
Clinical presentation
Patients present with anterior shoulder pain when the arm is held at the side (adducted, in...
Article
Lateral humeral condyle fracture
Lateral humeral condyle fractures also referred to simply as lateral condyle fractures (in the appropriate context), are relatively common elbow fractures that predominantly occur in children. They may be subtle but are hugely important to diagnose promptly because if they are missed, they tend ...
Article
Synovial herniation pit
Synovial herniation pits, also known as Pitt pits or the descriptor fibrocystic changes at the anterosuperior femoral neck, are a common, usually incidental, finding on imaging.
Epidemiology
Prevalence on x-rays of normal adults is ~5% (range 4-12%) 3.
Associations
cam morphology FAI: occur ...
Article
Tibial tuberosity transfer
Tibial tuberosity transfer is a surgical procedure performed for patella instability. Tibial tuberosity transfer can simultaneously correct a high-riding patella. The goal of the surgery is often to transfer the distal attachment of the patellar tendon, thereby shifting the force vector medially...
Article
Synovial chondrosarcoma
Synovial chondrosarcoma refers to a very rare malignant cartilaginous neoplasm arising from the synovium.
Epidemiology
There can be a wide spectrum in the age of presentation from 25-75 years of age. A slight male predilection may be present.
Pathology
It can either as a primary lesion (pri...
Article
Mandibular fracture
Mandibular fractures are relatively common especially among young men. Although traditionally the mandible and base of skull are thought to form a complete bony ring, interrupted only by the TMJs. This should mean that the mandible should fracture in two places (akin to the bony pelvis) making s...
Article
Chronic ACL deficiency
Chronic ACL deficiency is a long term adverse outcome that can result from an untreated ACL injury. Patients often experience an unstable knee. They often result in or are associated with meniscal injury (medial more than lateral) and chondral damage 1-4.
See also
mucoid degeneration of ACL
Article
Cruciate ligament tears (knee)
The cruciate ligaments of the knee commonly tear:
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear
the ACL is the most commonly torn knee ligament 1
posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tear
tears of the PCL are less common and usually less significant 2
Article
Gissane angle
Gissane angle, also known as the "critical angle of Gissane", is a measurement on lateral foot radiographs used to evaluate the severity of calcaneal fractures.
Measurement
The Gissane angle is measured by drawing lines along the superior surfaces of the anterior process and the posterior face...
Article
Os epilunate
The os epilunate is an accessory ossicle of the wrist that lies at the dorsal surface of the lunocapitate articulation. For this reason it can be mistaken for a loose body within this articulation 1. Though quite rare, it has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of dorsal atraumatic wr...
Article
Posterolateral corner injury of the knee
Posterolateral corner (PLC) injury of the knee can occur in isolation or with other internal derangements of the knee, particularly cruciate ligament tears. The importance of injuries to the posterolateral ligamentous complex lies in the possible long-term joint instability and cruciate graft fa...
Article
Hair on end sign (mnemonic)
The hair on end sign refers to a radiographic appearance of the diploic space of the skull vault which results from a thickening of trabeculae as the diploic space expands. These trabeculae are perpendicular in orientation, interspersed by radiolucent marrow hyperplasia along with skull vault.
...
Article
Adamantinoma
Adamantinomas are rare indolent malignant bone tumours with a predilection for the tibial diaphysis. Following excision, local recurrence can be problematic and may occur after an interval of decades. Lymphadenopathy and metastases complicate <30% of cases 12.
Terminology
Ameloblastomas, which...
Article
Jack and Jill lesion
The Jack and Jill lesion refers to simultaneous bucket handle tears of the medial and lateral menisci with intercondylar notch displacement of the fragments which appear as the quadruple sign on coronal MRI images.
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