Articles
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More than 200 results
Article
Persistent proatlantal intersegmental artery
The proatlantal intersegmental artery is also known as the type I proatlantal artery, and is one of the persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses. It arises from the internal carotid artery (similar to the persistent hypoglossal artery) but instead of heading for the hypoglossal canal, it j...
Article
Acquired aortic conditions
Acquired aortic conditions include:
aortic dissection
aortic rupture/transection
ascending aortic aneurysm
aortitis
thoracic aortic injury
abdominal aortic aneurysm
inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm
Article
Ovarian vein thrombosis
Ovarian vein thrombosis (actually most often thrombophlebitis) occurs most commonly in postpartum patients and can result in pulmonary emboli. A presentation is usually with acute pelvic pain in the postpartum period, then termed puerperal ovarian vein thrombosis or postpartum ovarian vein throm...
Article
Tulip bulb sign
The tulip bulb sign refers to the characteristic appearance of annuloaortic ectasia as seen on CT angiography.
There is symmetric dilatation of the three sinuses of Valsalva, with extension into the ascending aorta and effacement of the sinotubular junction.
It is seen especially in Marfan sy...
Article
Inferior rectal artery
The inferior rectal artery arises from the internal pudendal artery and supplies the lower anal canal including the external anal sphincter.
Summary
origin: from internal pudendal artery, just after it enters the pudendal canal
course: runs anteromedially through the ischioanal fossa to reach...
Article
Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm
Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm refers to a pseudoaneurysm arising from the pulmonary arteries.
Pathology
A pseudoaneurysm results from a tear or disruption of all three layers of the vessel wall. Extravasated blood is contained by compressed extravascular tissue or a clot, which makes up the ...
Article
Arteriosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis is defined by thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls.
There are three patterns of arteriosclerosis:
atherosclerosis: large and medium-sized arteries
Mönckeberg medial calcific sclerosis: muscular arteries
arteriolosclerosis: small arteries and arterioles
At...
Article
Coeliacomesenteric trunk
The coeliacomesenteric trunk (CMT) represents an uncommon vascular anatomical variant where both the coeliac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) have a common origin from the abdominal aorta as a single trunk. Its frequency has been reported to occur in about 1.5% of the population 1,...
Article
Persistent communications between the carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to recall the persistent communications between the anterior (carotid) and posterior (vertebrobasilar) systems is:
HOT Pepper
Knowledge of these anatomical variants is important to avoid confusion with pathology and to prevent inadvertent injury during surgery.
Mnemonic
H: hypoglo...
Article
Diastolic pseudogating
Diastolic pseudogating appears as periodic bright and dark signal in arteries such as the aorta as one progresses through a series of images. Synchronisation of the cardiac cycle and the pulse sequence results in high signal in the artery during diastole when blood is relatively stationary and l...
Article
Coil herniation
A coil herniation refers to the part of a detachable coil prolapsing out of the aneurysm and into the parent artery. It is an uncommon complication and is typically seen at the end of the embolisation procedure. Contributing factors include 1:
wide aneurysm neck
instability of the coil in the ...
Article
Fisher scale
The Fisher scale is the initial and best-known system of classifying the amount of subarachnoid haemorrhage on CT scans, described in 1980 4. Its primary use was in predicting the occurrence and severity of cerebral vasospasm, highest in grade 3 2,4.
Usage
Although it is known as a scale, fr...
Article
Double density sign (berry aneurysm)
Double density sign of berry aneurysms refers to the angiographic appearance of a small intracranial aneurysm projecting in front or behind a vessel of similar calibre. As such, the border of the aneurysm cannot easily be seen, but the extra contrast within it can be seen as a rounded area of in...
Article
Thalamostriate veins
Thalamostriate veins are formed by the joining of anterior caudate vein and the vein of stria terminalis. They join the septal veins and form internal cerebral veins.
Related pathology
The thalamostriate veins can be compressed in preterm neonates who have had germinal matrix haemorrhage. This...
Article
Posterior external jugular vein
The posterior external jugular vein is a tributary of the external jugular vein.
Gross anatomy
Origin and course
Forms from the confluence of several superficial veins in the posterosuperior neck and posterior scalp. It passes superficially over the posterior triangle to drain into the extern...
Article
Temporopolar artery
The temporopolar artery is usually a dorsolateral branch from the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and supplies the polar and anterolateral portions of the temporal lobe.
This artery may arise as a branch from the anterior temporal artery 1.
Article
Medial frontobasal artery
The medial frontobasal artery is a branch of the A2 segment of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) which runs forward and basally along the medial surface of the hemisphere towards the frontal pole, suppling the orbital part of the frontal lobe from its medial side.
Article
Hughes-Stovin syndrome
Hughes-Stovin syndrome (HSS) is a vasculitis that predominantly affects large vessels. The disease bears some resemblance to Behçet disease.
Epidemiology
Hughes-Stovin syndrome is very rare 7. It occurs predominantly between the 2nd to 4th decades. There is a recognised male predilection.
Cl...
Article
Renal sympathetic denervation
Renal sympathetic denervation (RSDN), also known as renal denervation, is an interventional procedure that uses radiofrequency ablation to destroy the nerve endings in the wall of the renal arteries. Endovascular (trans-catheter) techniques are an alternative to surgical sympathectomy.
Indicat...
Article
Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm
Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm (IAAA) is a variant of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) characterised by inflammatory thickening of the aneurysm wall, perianeurysmal fibrosis, and adherence to surrounding structures.
Epidemiology
They account for ~5 to 10% of all AAAs.
Clinical present...
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