Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Periosteal osteosarcoma
Periosteal osteosarcomas are intermediate-grade bone-forming neoplasms originating on the bony surface in strong association, typically underneath the periosteum.
Epidemiology
Periosteal osteosarcomas are the second most common type of surface-based osteosarcoma after parosteal osteosarcoma an...
Article
Gallbladder carcinoma
Gallbladder carcinoma is a type of gallbladder cancer and specifically refers to primary epithelial malignancies arising from the gallbladder, in which the great majority (90%) are adenocarcinomas and the remainder are squamous cell carcinomas. They are more prevalent in elderly women and, in mo...
Article
Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumour
Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumours are rare, usually midline, tumours that involve the fourth ventricle and/or aqueduct of Sylvius.
Although relatively well-circumscribed on MRI and clinically indolent, they often invade surrounding tissues, involving the cerebellum, pons and even the pineal...
Article
Neoplasms of the spinal canal
Neoplasms of the spinal canal encompass a range of tumours which arise from or involve the spinal cord, theca, and spinal nerves.
Pathology
These can be divided according to the tissue/structure of origin within the spinal canal. Tumours of vertebral bodies are discussed separately: see verteb...
Article
Intramuscular lipoma
Intramuscular lipomas are deep-seated lipomas located within a muscle.
Terminology
Intramuscular lipomas share the term ‘infiltrating lipoma’ with intermuscular lipomas.
Epidemiology
Intramuscular lipomas account for about 1% of all lipomas and occur in all age groups with most occurring bet...
Article
Ovarian collision tumour
Ovarian collision tumours are an uncommon ovarian neoplasm where there is co-existence of two adjacent but histologically distinct tumours in an ovary with no histologic admixture at the interface.
Pathology
The exact pathogenesis is not well known. They are most commonly composed of ovarian t...
Article
Chondrosarcoma
Chondrosarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant cartilaginous tumours most commonly found in older patients. They can arise de novo or secondary to an existing benign cartilaginous neoplasm. On imaging, these tumours have ring-and-arc chondroid matrix mineralisation with aggressive featur...
Article
Tumour pseudoprogression (lung cancer)
Radiologic tumour pseudoprogression on imaging denotes an imaging appearance of tumour response where the tumour first exhibits findings suggestive of progression (i.e. growth, new lesions). However, during sustained therapy, response is eventually demonstrated 1.
Epidemiology
With the advent ...
Article
Asbestosis
Asbestosis is an occupational fibrotic lung disease associated with high levels of asbestos fibre inhalation. Fibrosis is lower lobe predominant and can progress. Even without progression the risk of lung cancer is increased. The presence of pleural plaques is variable 10.
Epidemiology
Asbesto...
Article
Residual tumour classification
Residual tumour classification, also known as R classification, defines how complete the resection of a malignancy has been at surgery. It has an important prognostic implication.
Classification
R0: no residual tumour
R1: microscopic residual tumour
R2: macroscopic residual tumour
An R0 res...
Article
Chylous ascites
Chylous ascites (also known as chyloperitoneum) is defined as the abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of milky lymphatic fluid with a triglyceride level >110 mg/dL 1. Aetiologically it is due to a disruption of the lymphatic system, most commonly obstructive due to a mass or traumatic (which m...
Article
Pancreatic calcifications
Pancreatic calcifications can arise from many aetiologies.
Punctate intraductal calcifications
chronic pancreatitis
alcoholic pancreatitis (20-40%) 2
intraductal, numerous, small, irregular
preponderant cause of diffuse pancreatic intraductal calcification
gallstone pancreatitis (2%) 2
...
Article
Rhabdomyosarcoma (genitourinary tract)
Rhabdomyosarcomas of the genitourinary tract are uncommon tumours occurring in pelvic organs. It is a disease nearly exclusive to the paediatric population.
For a general discussion of this type of tumour, please refer to the article on rhabdomyosarcomas.
Epidemiology
The peak incidence of t...
Article
Polymorphous low grade neuroepithelial tumour of the young
Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumour of the young (PLNTY) is an epileptogenic tumour of children and young adults. They are often considered part of the heterogeneous group of tumours known as long-term epilepsy-associated tumours (LEATs).
Terminology
First described in 2016 1, polymo...
Article
Sea anemone sign
The sea anemone sign is a unique (but not wholly exclusive) appearance seen in ovarian serous surface papillary borderline tumours (SSPBT). It refers to its surface stroma frequently branches into exophytic papillary stalks, macroscopically 1.
Radiographic features
On cross-sectional imaging, ...
Article
Superior vena cava obstruction
Superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) can occur from extrinsic compression, intrinsic stenosis, or thrombosis of the superior vena cava. Malignancies are the main cause and are considered an oncologic emergency. Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) refers to the clinical syndrome with symptoms tha...
Article
Carcinoid tumour
Carcinoid tumours are a type of neuroendocrine tumour that can occur in a number of locations. Carcinoid tumours arise from endocrine amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells that can be found throughout the gastrointestinal tract as well as other organs (e.g. lung). In general, t...
Article
Mandibular lesions
Mandibular lesions are myriad and common. The presence of teeth results in lesions specific to the mandible (and maxilla) and a useful classification that defines them as odontogenic or non-odontogenic. While it may often not be possible to make a diagnosis using imaging alone, this approach to ...
Article
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), previously known as malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), is considered the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma. It has an aggressive biological behaviour and a poor prognosis.
In the majority of cases, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma affects...
Article
Peritoneal metastases
Peritoneal metastases are a relatively common location for metastases, particularly from tumours of the abdomen and pelvis, that generally imply a poor prognosis, often with a significant impact on palliation 1.
Terminology
If peritoneal metastases are of an epithelial origin (as most are) and...
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