Articles

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More than 200 results
Article

Periosteal osteosarcoma

Periosteal osteosarcomas are intermediate-grade bone-forming neoplasms originating on the bony surface in strong association, typically underneath the periosteum. Epidemiology Periosteal osteosarcomas are the second most common type of surface-based osteosarcoma after parosteal osteosarcoma an...
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Gallbladder carcinoma

Gallbladder carcinoma is a type of gallbladder cancer and specifically refers to primary epithelial malignancies arising from the gallbladder, in which the great majority (90%) are adenocarcinomas and the remainder are squamous cell carcinomas. They are more prevalent in elderly women and, in mo...
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Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumour

Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumours are rare, usually midline, tumours that involve the fourth ventricle and/or aqueduct of Sylvius.  Although relatively well-circumscribed on MRI and clinically indolent, they often invade surrounding tissues, involving the cerebellum, pons and even the pineal...
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Neoplasms of the spinal canal

Neoplasms of the spinal canal encompass a range of tumours which arise from or involve the spinal cord, theca, and spinal nerves. Pathology These can be divided according to the tissue/structure of origin within the spinal canal. Tumours of vertebral bodies are discussed separately: see verteb...
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Intramuscular lipoma

Intramuscular lipomas are deep-seated lipomas located within a muscle. Terminology Intramuscular lipomas share the term ‘infiltrating lipoma’ with intermuscular lipomas. Epidemiology Intramuscular lipomas account for about 1% of all lipomas and occur in all age groups with most occurring bet...
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Ovarian collision tumour

Ovarian collision tumours are an uncommon ovarian neoplasm where there is co-existence of two adjacent but histologically distinct tumours in an ovary with no histologic admixture at the interface. Pathology The exact pathogenesis is not well known. They are most commonly composed of ovarian t...
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Chondrosarcoma

Chondrosarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant cartilaginous tumours most commonly found in older patients. They can arise de novo or secondary to an existing benign cartilaginous neoplasm. On imaging, these tumours have ring-and-arc chondroid matrix mineralisation with aggressive featur...
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Tumour pseudoprogression (lung cancer)

Radiologic tumour pseudoprogression on imaging denotes an imaging appearance of tumour response where the tumour first exhibits findings suggestive of progression (i.e. growth, new lesions). However, during sustained therapy, response is eventually demonstrated 1. Epidemiology With the advent ...
Article

Asbestosis

Asbestosis is an occupational fibrotic lung disease associated with high levels of asbestos fibre inhalation. Fibrosis is lower lobe predominant and can progress. Even without progression the risk of lung cancer is increased. The presence of pleural plaques is variable 10. Epidemiology Asbesto...
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Residual tumour classification

Residual tumour classification, also known as R classification, defines how complete the resection of a malignancy has been at surgery. It has an important prognostic implication. Classification R0: no residual tumour R1: microscopic residual tumour R2: macroscopic residual tumour An R0 res...
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Chylous ascites

Chylous ascites (also known as chyloperitoneum) is defined as the abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of milky lymphatic fluid with a triglyceride level >110 mg/dL 1. Aetiologically it is due to a disruption of the lymphatic system, most commonly obstructive due to a mass or traumatic (which m...
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Pancreatic calcifications

Pancreatic calcifications can arise from many aetiologies. Punctate intraductal calcifications chronic pancreatitis alcoholic pancreatitis (20-40%) 2  intraductal, numerous, small, irregular preponderant cause of diffuse pancreatic intraductal calcification gallstone pancreatitis (2%) 2 ​...
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Rhabdomyosarcoma (genitourinary tract)

Rhabdomyosarcomas of the genitourinary tract are uncommon tumours occurring in pelvic organs. It is a disease nearly exclusive to the paediatric population.  For a general discussion of this type of tumour, please refer to the article on rhabdomyosarcomas. Epidemiology The peak incidence of t...
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Polymorphous low grade neuroepithelial tumour of the young

Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumour of the young (PLNTY) is an epileptogenic tumour of children and young adults. They are often considered part of the heterogeneous group of tumours known as long-term epilepsy-associated tumours (LEATs). Terminology First described in 2016 1, polymo...
Article

Sea anemone sign

The sea anemone sign is a unique (but not wholly exclusive) appearance seen in ovarian serous surface papillary borderline tumours (SSPBT). It refers to its surface stroma frequently branches into exophytic papillary stalks, macroscopically 1. Radiographic features On cross-sectional imaging, ...
Article

Superior vena cava obstruction

Superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) can occur from extrinsic compression, intrinsic stenosis, or thrombosis of the superior vena cava. Malignancies are the main cause and are considered an oncologic emergency. Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) refers to the clinical syndrome with symptoms tha...
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Carcinoid tumour

Carcinoid tumours are a type of neuroendocrine tumour that can occur in a number of locations. Carcinoid tumours arise from endocrine amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells that can be found throughout the gastrointestinal tract as well as other organs (e.g. lung). In general, t...
Article

Mandibular lesions

Mandibular lesions are myriad and common. The presence of teeth results in lesions specific to the mandible (and maxilla) and a useful classification that defines them as odontogenic or non-odontogenic. While it may often not be possible to make a diagnosis using imaging alone, this approach to ...
Article

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), previously known as malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), is considered the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma. It has an aggressive biological behaviour and a poor prognosis. In the majority of cases, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma affects...
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Peritoneal metastases

Peritoneal metastases are a relatively common location for metastases, particularly from tumours of the abdomen and pelvis, that generally imply a poor prognosis, often with a significant impact on palliation 1. Terminology If peritoneal metastases are of an epithelial origin (as most are) and...

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