Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Extrapleural fat sign
The extrapleural fat sign is an imaging feature which can be seen on CT under certain circumstances. It occurs from the inward displacement of extrapleural fat by an extrapleural fluid collection, extrapleural haematoma or extrapleural mass. The presence of the extrapleural fat sign is indicativ...
Article
Medical devices in the thorax
Medical devices in the thorax are regularly observed by radiologists when reviewing radiographs and CT scans.
Extrathoracic devices
tubing, clamps, syringes, scissors, lying on or under the patient
rubber sheets, foam mattresses, clothing, hair braids, nipple piercings, etc., may also be visi...
Article
Subcutaneous emphysema
Subcutaneous emphysema (synonymous with the less common term surgical emphysema) refers to gas in the soft tissues. Gas is rarely limited to the subcutaneous layer and usually dissects into the deeper soft tissues and musculature along fascial planes.
Clinical presentation
Clinically it is fel...
Article
Bronchogenic cyst
Bronchogenic cysts are congenital malformations of the bronchial tree (a type of bronchopulmonary foregut malformation). They can present as a mediastinal mass that may enlarge and cause local compression. It is also considered the commonest of foregut duplication cysts.
Epidemiology
Bronchoge...
Article
Cryptococcoma
Cryptococcomas are a rare complication of infection by the Cryptococcus genus of invasive fungi, where a discrete, encapsulated lesion of immune infiltrates and pathogen forms. Cryptococcus gattii is most often isolated but Cryptococcus neoformans may also form cryptococcomas.
Epidemiology
In ...
Article
CT oesophagography
CT oesophagography is a CT study designed to primarily evaluate the oesophagus, particularly in the situation of oesophageal trauma and potential perforation. It has been developed partly as an alternative to fluoroscopic barium swallow evaluation in this situation.
Indications
potential oesop...
Article
Small heart sign
The small heart sign represents a rarely encountered but critical sign on chest caused by a sudden reduction of heart size caused by cardiac tamponade due to either tension pneumopericardium or pneumomediastinum.
A sudden, >2 cm reduction in the transverse cardiac diameter is considered highly...
Article
Centrilobular micronodules
Centrilobular micronodules are an image descriptor that refers to centrilobular nodules when the nodules are very small and present in a centrilobular distribution in the lungs. They are usually seen with bronchiolitis and can blend into tree-in-bud opacities.
Radiographic features
CT
Postpr...
Article
Melioidosis
Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei (previously known as Pseudomonas pseudomallei) and is a multisystem disorder which may affect the lungs, brain, visceral organs, or musculoskeletal system.
Epidemiology
Melioidosis is a disease of the monsoo...
Article
Thymus
The thymus (plural: thymi) is a lymphoid organ in the anterior mediastinum responsible for the production and maturation of T-cells until puberty. It is a vital component of the immune system and plays a role in prevention of cancer 12, infection and autoimmunity 11.
Gross anatomy
It is relati...
Article
Asbestosis
Asbestosis is an occupational fibrotic lung disease associated with high levels of asbestos fibre inhalation. Fibrosis is lower lobe predominant and can progress. Even without progression the risk of lung cancer is increased. The presence of pleural plaques is variable 10.
Epidemiology
Asbesto...
Article
Focal interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
Focal interstitial pulmonary fibrosis refers to a manifestation of pulmonary fibrosis where changes are confined and localised to a small region of the lung, they can arise from a range of aetiologies with one rather common example being osteophyte induced adjacent pulmonary atelectasis and fibr...
Article
Middle lobe bronchiectasis
Middle lobe bronchiectasis is an imaging an imaging descriptor when bronchiectasis is confined to the middle lobe. When it (predominantly) involves the middle lobe it is sometimes is termed right middle lobe predominant (RMLP) bronchiectasis 2.
Middle lobe bronchiectasis may be seen in:
non-tu...
Article
Scleroderma (pulmonary manifestations)
Pulmonary manifestations of scleroderma are demonstrated histologically in 90% of patients with scleroderma. It is a leading cause of mortality and at autopsy the lung is reportedly involved in close to 100% of cases. However, only 25% of patients will present with respiratory symptoms or demons...
Article
Rheumatoid arthritis (pulmonary manifestations)
Pulmonary manifestations are relatively common in rheumatoid arthritis, and like many of its non-articular manifestations, tend to develop later in the disease.
Please refer to the related articles for a general discussion of rheumatoid arthritis, and for the specific discussion of its musculos...
Article
Talc pleurodesis
Talc pleurodesis is one of the chemical methods of pleurodesis which is a procedure performed to prevent recurrence of a pneumothorax or recurrent pleural effusion in benign or malignant conditions. It involves achieving an area of adhesion between the parietal and visceral layers of the pleura....
Article
Pulmonary laceration
Pulmonary lacerations result from frank laceration of lung parenchyma secondary to trauma. There is almost always concurrent contusion.
Epidemiology
Contusions and lacerations follow blunt or penetrating chest trauma, and are almost always seen with other chest (and abdominal) injuries. While ...
Article
Doege-Potter syndrome
Doege-Potter syndrome is a paraneoplastic non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia, secondary to a solitary fibrous tumour, most commonly pulmonary, secreting insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2).
It is rare and more often found with higher grade solitary fibrous tumours 1-4.
Article
Klebsiella
Klebsiella is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, which is relatively commonly encountered in the healthcare environment. It has numerous species, including K. pneumoniae, K. aerogenes, and K. rhinoscleromatis 1. Klebsiella may cause a range of infections, most commo...
Article
Intercostal nerve
The intercostal nerves are the somatic nerves that arise from the anterior divisions of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11. These nerves in addition to supplying the thoracic wall also supply the pleura and peritoneum.
Gross anatomy
Intercostal nerves can be divided into atypical and ty...
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