Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Posterolateral corner injury of the knee
Posterolateral corner (PLC) injury of the knee can occur in isolation or with other internal derangements of the knee, particularly cruciate ligament tears. The importance of injuries to the posterolateral ligamentous complex lies in the possible long-term joint instability and cruciate graft fa...
Article
Osseointegrated implant
Osseointegrated implants (OI) are endosteal implants characterised by porous surfaces that allow a direct structural connection between bone and implant without interposed soft tissue and ingrowth and interdigitation of the newly formed lamellar bone.
Osseointegration has been defined as direct...
Article
Classification of sacral fractures
There are several classification systems for sacral fractures, but the most commonly employed are the Denis classification and subclassification systems, and the Isler classification system. These classification systems are important to understand as proper classification can impact management.
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Article
CT neck (protocol)
The CT neck protocol serves as a radiological examination of the head and neck. This protocol is usually performed as a contrast study and might be acquired separately or combined with a CT chest or CT chest-abdomen-pelvis. On rare occasions, it will be performed as a non-contrast study. Dependi...
Article
Latissimus dorsi injury
Latissimus dorsi muscle injuries refer to muscle injuries of the latissimus dorsi muscle or tendon and have gained increasing awareness as sports injuries.
Epidemiology
The injury is fairly uncommon and mainly seen in overhead athletes, e.g. professional baseball pitchers 1.
Risk factors
ov...
Article
Lead pipe fracture
The term lead pipe fracture is the term for a radiographic appearance given to a simultaneous greenstick fracture of one side of the bone (usually metaphysis) with a buckle fracture of the opposing cortex of the same bone.
There are differing opinions in texts as to whether this term should be...
Article
Cervical spine floating pillar
A floating pillar, also referred as pedicolaminar fracture-separation injury, is characterised by fractures through the pedicle and lamina of a cervical spine vertebrae creating a free-floating articular pillar fragment. It is an unstable cervical spine fracture that results from hyperflexion–la...
Article
Bilateral facet dislocation
A bilateral facet dislocation is an unstable flexion distraction type of dislocation of the cervical spine, often a result of buckling force. Occasionally, the bilateral facet dislocation has been named a 'doubly-locked' vertebral injury giving the impression of stability. However, due to comple...
Article
Lisfranc injury
Lisfranc injuries, also called Lisfranc fracture-dislocations, are the most common type of dislocation involving the foot and correspond to the dislocation of the articulation of the tarsus with the metatarsal bases.
Pathology
Anatomy
The Lisfranc joint articulates the tarsus with the metatar...
Article
Gamma nail
The gamma nail or trochanteric nail is an osteosynthetic implant designed to treat proximal femoral fractures in the trochanter area with a closed intramedullary fixation method.
The gamma nail consists of a funnel-shaped intramedullary nail with slight bending to reflect proximal femoral diaph...
Article
Nightstick fracture (ulna)
Nightstick fractures are isolated fractures of the ulna, typically transverse and located in the mid-diaphysis and usually resulting from a direct blow. It is a characteristic defensive fracture when the patient tries to ward off an overhead blow from an assailant brandishing a bar-like weapon.
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Article
Thoracic aortic injury
Thoracic aortic injury is the most common type of traumatic aortic injury and is a critical life-threatening, and often life-ending event.
Clinical presentation
Approximately 80% of patients with thoracic aortic injury die at the scene of the trauma. In those who make it to hospital, clinical...
Article
Neer classification of clavicle fractures
The Neer classification of clavicular fractures along with the AO classification system is one of the more frequently used classification systems when assessing clavicular fractures.
Classification
The classification system, broken into five categories communicates both the stability and treat...
Article
Elbow dislocation
Elbow dislocation is the second most common large joint dislocation in adults and the most common in children.
Epidemiology
Elbow dislocations are common and account for 10-25% of all elbow injuries in the adult population 1. They are the most common dislocation in children 4.
Associations
...
Article
Robinson classification of clavicle fractures
The Robinson classification of clavicle fractures, as well as the AO/OTA and Neer classification systems, is a frequently used classification system for assessing clavicular fractures.
The Robinson classification is based on a review of a thousand patients and was developed to provide a guide t...
Article
Renal trauma
Renal trauma can result from direct, blunt, penetrating, and iatrogenic injury.
Epidemiology
Renal injuries account for ~10% of abdominal trauma, and thus the demographic of affected individuals reflect that population. The incidence of renal injuries increases in pre-existing congenital or ac...
Article
Falling injuries
Falling injuries are the second most common cause of accidental or unintentional deaths in the world. Falling trauma is the most common mechanism of injury in persons 21 years old or younger 1,2.
Clinical presentation
Many factors influence the presentation of a fall-from-height victim, such a...
Article
Flexion supracondylar fracture
Flexion supracondylar humeral fractures account for only 2-4% of all supracondylar fractures 1.
Epidemiology
Unlike the much more common extension supracondylar fracture which are seen in children, flexion fractures are seen in older (adult) patients.
Pathology
They are usually the result of...
Article
Pilon fracture
A pilon fracture is a type of distal tibial fracture involving the tibial plafond. These are considered to represent 1-10% of all lower limb fractures 6.
Mechanism
Typically high energy injuries and occur as a result of an axial loading which drives the talus into the tibial plafond.
Classif...
Article
Facial fractures
Facial fractures are commonly caused by blunt or penetrating trauma at moderate or high levels of force. Such injuries may be sustained during a fall, physical assault, motor vehicle collision, or gunshot wound. The facial bones are thin and relatively fragile, making them susceptible to injury....
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