Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Chronic renal transplant rejection
Chronic renal transplant rejection is a form of renal transplant rejection.
Pathology
Chronic rejection is defined as a gradual deterioration in graft function beginning at least 3 months after transplantation 3.
The creatinine levels may rise but this does not allow differentiation from acu...
Article
Doughnut sign (missed testicular torsion)
The doughnut sign, also known as the bull's-eye, halo or ring sign, is the name of a distinctive appearance of a missed testicular torsion on scrotal scintigraphy.
In a missed torsion (i.e. established testicular infarction), there is a reactive hyperperfusion of the ipsilateral dartos muscle ...
Article
Basal cell carcinoma of the prostate
Basal cell carcinoma of the prostate or prostatic adenoid basal proliferation of uncertain significance is a type of prostate cancer resembling adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands.
Terminology
Other terms include 'adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'adenoid basal cell tumour', 'adenoid cys...
Article
Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate
Intraductal carcinomas of the prostate (IDCP) are a new subtype of prostate cancer that has been included as a new entity in the WHO classification of prostate tumours in 2016.
Epidemiology
Intraductal carcinomas of the prostate are rarely found isolated on needle core biopsy samples in 0.1-0....
Article
Prostate atrophy
Prostatic atrophy is characterised by reduced cytoplasm prostatic acinar cells and constitutes a benign mimic of prostate cancer not only on imaging but also histologically.
Terminology
The term 'proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA)' is used if it is associated with inflammation.
Epidemio...
Article
Adenocarcinoma of the prostate with neuroendocrine differentiation
Adenocarcinoma of the prostate with neuroendocrine differentiation is a malignant neuroendocrine tumour of the prostate which only differs from acinar or ductal adenocarcinoma on immunohistochemistry staining.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate with neuroendocrine differ...
Article
Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumour of the prostate
Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours of the prostate also known as low-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate or carcinoid tumours of the prostate are low-grade neuroendocrine tumours arising from the prostate that may metastasise.
Epidemiology
Well-differentiated neuroendocrine ...
Article
Prostatic acid phosphatase
Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) also known as prostatic specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) is an enzyme generated by prostatic glandular tissue.
Usage
It can be used in immunohistochemistry to identify prostatic tissue including prostatic epithelium and prostatic ducts and is usually expressed ...
Article
Small cell carcinoma of the prostate
Small cell carcinomas of the prostate (SCCP) or small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the prostate are neuroendocrine tumours and are characterised by aggressive behaviour and a proliferation of small cells.
Epidemiology
Small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the prostate are rare 1,2 and m...
Article
CT chest abdomen-pelvis (protocol)
The CT chest-abdomen-pelvis protocol serves as an outline for an examination of the trunk covering the chest, abdomen and pelvis. It is one of the most common CT examinations conducted in routine and emergencies. It can be combined with a CT angiogram.
Note: This article aims to frame a genera...
Article
Adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicle
Adenocarcinomas of the seminal vesicles are the most common malignant primary neoplasm of the seminal vesicles.
Epidemiology
Primary adenocarcinomas of the seminal vesicles are very rare 1,2 and can be observed at a wide age range 2.
Diagnosis
Diagnostic criteria
The following modified diag...
Article
Tuberous sclerosis
Tuberous sclerosis (TS), also known as tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) or Bourneville disease, is a phakomatosis (neurocutaneous disorder) characterised by the development of multiple benign tumours of the embryonic ectoderm (e.g. skin, eyes, and central nervous system).
Epidemiology
Tuberous...
Article
Mondor disease (breast)
Mondor disease is a rare benign breast condition characterised by thrombophlebitis of the subcutaneous veins of the breast and anterior chest wall. It can also occur in the axilla, when it is called axillary web syndrome, or the penis.
Epidemiology
Although Mondor disease is rarely reported i...
Article
Renal papillary necrosis (mnemonic)
Mnemonics for the causes of renal papillary necrosis are plentiful and include:
NSAID
POSTCARDS
AD SPORT C: a list of causes in decreasing order of incidence
DINASOR
Mnemonics
NSAID
Most common causes:
N: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
S: sickle cell disease
A: acetamin...
Article
Adrenal haemangioma
Adrenal haemangiomas are rare benign tumours that are usually incidentally identified (one example of an adrenal incidentaloma). Its significance mainly relates to the difficulty in differentiation from other malignant lesions.
Epidemiology
Although these can be found at any age, they are mos...
Article
Behçet disease
Behçet disease is a multisystemic and chronic inflammatory vasculitis of unknown aetiology.
Epidemiology
The mean age at which Behçet disease occurs is 20-30 years. The disease is most prevalent in the Mediterranean, Middle East and East Asia. It is rarely reported in Europe. The highest incid...
Article
Anastomosing haemangioma
Anastomosing haemangiomas are benign vascular neoplasms consisting of thin-walled anastomosing vessels. These lesions have been just added to the WHO classification of soft tissue tumours in 2020 as a separate entity 1-3
Epidemiology
Anastomosing haemangiomas are rare lesions with a wide range...
Article
Sarcoidosis (abdominal manifestations)
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease of unknown origin characterised by the formation of non-caseating granulomas. Virtually any organ system may be involved. Although less common than pulmonary and mediastinal disease, abdominal sarcoidosis can mimic more common infectious or neoplast...
Article
Seminal vesicle cystadenoma
Seminal vesicle cystadenomas are a benign subgroup of mixed epithelial and stromal tumours of the seminal vesicles.
Epidemiology
Benign tumours of the seminal vesicles are very rare and so are cystadenomas 1.
Clinical presentation
Voiding difficulties or haematuria have been reported as clin...
Article
Ureterocele
Ureteroceles represent abnormal congenital dilatation of the distal-most portion of the ureter. The dilated portion of the ureter may herniate into the bladder secondary to the abnormal structure of vesicoureteric junction (VUJ).
Epidemiology
A ureterocele occurs in about 1 in 5,000 to 1 in 12...
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