Articles
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More than 200 results
Article
Suboccipital muscle group
The suboccipital muscle group contains four paired muscles, three of which pairs belong to the suboccipital triangle. These muscles all lie below the occipital bone and are responsible for postural support of the head, as well as extension, lateral flexion and rotation. As these muscles are smal...
Article
Glomangioma
Glomangiomas, also known as glomus tumours, are benign vascular tumours typically seen at the distal extremities. On imaging, they characteristically present as small hypervascular nodules under the fingernail.
Terminology
These tumours should not be confused with paragangliomas, which were f...
Article
Carpet lesion
Carpet lesion is a term for focal chondral delamination, where articular cartilage is peeled off the subchondral bone plate as a result of shearing forces. It is a frequent finding on hip arthroscopy and is associated with femoroacetabular impingement 1,2, particularly cam morphology 6.
Termino...
Article
Occipital bone
The occipital bone, also known as C0, is a trapezoid skull bone that contributes to the posteroinferior part of the cranial vault. It is pierced by the foramen magnum, permitting communication from the cranial cavity to the vertebral canal.
Terminology
Occiput is a noun referring to the back o...
Article
Chondral fissure
Chondral fissures are a type of chondral injury, more accurately cracks, cleavages or crevices of cartilage extending from the articular surface to the deeper chondral layers. They usually develop as a result of high compressive forces 1 and are often found in the patellar or trochlear cartilage...
Article
Powers ratio
The Powers ratio is a measurement of the relationship of the bones forming the foramen magnum (basion and opisthion) to the atlas, used in the diagnosis of atlanto-occipital dissociation injuries.
The ratio, AB/CD, is measured as the ratio of the distance in the median (midsagittal) plane betwe...
Article
Acromiohumeral interval
Acromiohumeral interval is a useful and reliable measurement on AP shoulder radiographs and when narrowed is indicative of subacromial impingement, rotator cuff tear and/or tendinopathy. In patients with rotator cuff repair, a narrow acromiohumeral interval is a risk factor for re-tear 7.
Meas...
Article
Extensor hallucis brevis muscle
The extensor hallucis brevis (EHB) is a muscle on the dorsal surface of the foot which helps to extend the big toe.
Summary
origin: superolateral surface of calcaneus
insertion: base of proximal phalanx of great toe
action: extension of metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe
arterial supply...
Article
Bone bruise
Bone bruises (also known as bone contusion, trabecular microfracture) are an osseous injury that results from compression of bone structures.
Pathology
Bone bruises represent trabecular microfractures with haemorrhage and without a discrete fracture line or contour abnormality 4. They typicall...
Article
Smith fracture
Smith fractures, also known as Goyrand fractures in the French literature 3, are fractures of the distal radius with associated volar angulation of the distal fracture fragment(s). Classically, these fractures are extra-articular transverse fractures and can be thought of as a reverse Colles fra...
Article
Superior labral anterior posterior tear
Superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) tears are injuries of the glenoid labrum, and can often be confused with a sublabral sulcus on MRI.
Diagnosis
The gold standard for diagnosis is made via diagnostic shoulder arthroscopy 9.
Pathology
SLAP tears involve the superior glenoid labrum, whe...
Article
Synovial enhancement
Synovial enhancement is an imaging feature typically observed on MRI imaging. It can occur in various forms and can be focal or diffuse.
Pathology
inflammatory
synovitis
transient synovitis of the hip
infective synovitis
inflammatory arthritides
septic arthritis
tuberculous septic arthri...
Article
Direct inguinal hernia
A direct inguinal hernia (alternative plural: herniae) is a type of groin herniation, that arises from protrusion of abdominal viscera through a weakness of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal medial to the inferior epigastric vessels, specifically through Hesselbach's triangle.
This type ...
Article
Os acetabuli
Os acetabuli (plural: ossa acetabuli) are small ossicles adjacent to the acetabular roof regions and may represent an unfused secondary ossification centre of the acetabulum or pathological sequelae (e.g. acetabular rim fracture, femoroacetabular impingement).
Gross anatomy
Ossa acetabuli are ...
Article
Solitary fibrous tumour
Solitary fibrous tumours are a rare neoplasm of mesenchymal origin that comprise less than 2% of all soft tissue tumours ranging from indolent tumours to more aggressive masses.
They can be very large and can occur essentially anywhere, although some areas are more characteristic than others. F...
Article
Diffuse T1 bone marrow signal loss
Diffuse T1 vertebral bone marrow signal loss is associated with replacement of fatty marrow by oedema or cellular tissue.
Radiographic features
MRI
T1-weighted imaging without fat suppression is one of the most important sequences for distinguishing between normal and abnormal bone marrow. A...
Article
Femoral diaphyseal stress injury
Femoral diaphyseal stress injuries comprise different grades of a stress response and/or a stress fracture of the femoral diaphysis.
Epidemiology
Femoral diaphyseal stress injuries are seen in middle and long-distance runners and military recruits 1-5 with a reported incidence of up to 199/100...
Article
Scaphoid fracture
Scaphoid fractures (i.e. fractures through the scaphoid bone) are common, in some instances can be difficult to diagnose, and can result in significant functional impairment.
Epidemiology
Scaphoid fractures account for 70-80% of all carpal bone fractures 1. Although they occur essentially at a...
Article
Herbert screw
A Herbert screw is an instrument used in the internal fixation of an unstable scaphoid fracture. It is a headless screw with thread along its entire length. The two halves of the screw have a different pitch though, which causes compression of the fracture.
Indications
Unstable scaphoid fractu...
Article
Congenital rib fusion
Congenital rib fusion refers to the congenital failure of the segmentation of one or more ribs, which can be focal or extended and involve the anterior or posterior arch of the rib.
The rib fusion can be complete or accompanied by pseudo articulation and mimic a healing fracture on the chest x...
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