Articles
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More than 200 results
Article
Inferior hypophyseal arterial circle
The inferior hypophyseal arterial circle, also known as the inferior capsular arterial rete, is an anastomotic arterial network formed around the base of the pituitary gland by branches from three vessels, themselves branches off the cavernous portion of the carotid artery. They are:
inferior h...
Article
External carotid artery
The external carotid artery (ECA) is one of the two terminal branches of the common carotid artery that has many branches that supplies the structures of the neck, face and head. The other terminal branch is the internal carotid (ICA), which is somewhat larger than the ECA, which supplies the in...
Article
Infantile haemangioma
Infantile haemangiomas are benign vascular neoplasms that are the most common head and neck tumours of infancy. They can occur virtually anywhere, but the majority are found in the head and neck regions.
This article aims to be a generic discussion of the condition, for detailed and more specif...
Article
Bouthillier classification of internal carotid artery segments
Alain Bouthillier et al. described a seven segment internal carotid artery classification system in 1996 1. It remains the most widely used system for describing the internal carotid artery segments.
A helpful mnemonic for remembering ICA segments is:
C'mon Please Learn Carotid Clinical Organ...
Article
Saccular cerebral aneurysm
Saccular cerebral aneurysms, also known as berry aneurysms, are intracranial aneurysms with a characteristic rounded shape. They account for the vast majority of intracranial aneurysms and are the most common cause of non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Terminology
Those larger than 25 mm ...
Article
Persistent dorsal ophthalmic artery
The persistent dorsal ophthalmic artery is a rare anatomical variant of the ophthalmic artery. Instead of arising from the supraclinoid (C6) segment of the internal carotid artery, as is normally the case, the persistent dorsal ophthalmic artery arises from the lateral aspect of the cavernous (C...
Article
Thoracoacromial artery
The thoracoacromial artery is a vessel arising from the axillary artery at the axilla.
Summary
origin: first branch of the second part of the axillary artery 1
location: axilla
supply: pectoralis major and minor, anterior part of the deltoid, and the clavipectoral fascia 2
main branches: cl...
Article
Doppler waveforms
Doppler waveforms refer to the morphology of pulsatile blood flow velocity tracings on spectral Doppler ultrasound. Waveforms differ by the vascular bed (peripheral, cerebrovascular, and visceral circulations) and the presence of disease.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
Doppler
Most authori...
Article
Acute coronary syndrome
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a group of cardiac diagnoses along a spectrum of severity due to the interruption of coronary blood flow to the myocardium, which in decreasing severity are:
ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)
unstable an...
Article
Pretzel sign (serpentine aneurysm)
The pretzel sign is seen on DSA and is indicative of a serpentine aneurysm 1.
The sign refers to the sinusoid configuration of the intra-aneurysmal vascular channel seen in serpentine aneurysms, giving it the appearance of a pretzel.
Article
Microscopic polyangiitis
Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a small vessel non-granulomatous necrotising vasculitis. It most often affects venules, capillaries, arterioles, and small arteries, although it occasionally involves medium-sized arteries.
Epidemiology
It typically affects middle-aged individuals.
Clinical p...
Article
Uterine arteriovenous malformation
Uterine arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) result from the formation of multiple arteriovenous fistulous communications within the uterus without an intervening capillary network.
Terminology
Somewhat confusingly, the term “uterine arteriovenous malformation” has been used interchangeably with...
Article
Marginal sinus (foramen magnum)
The marginal sinus is a dural venous sinus and runs along the inner margin of foramen magnum. It has numerous communications with regional venous structures 1-2:
anteriorly: basilar venous plexus
posteriorly: occipital sinus
laterally
sigmoid sinus
veins of the hypoglossal canal
inferiorl...
Article
Superior vena cava stenting
Superior vena cava stenting is an interventional procedure used for the management of superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction.
Indication
This procedure is indicated in severe symptomatic SCV obstruction with failure of the medical treatment (e.g. corticosteroids, anticoagulation therapy, diureti...
Article
Pseudoendoleak
Pseudoendoleak is a colour Doppler ultrasound phenomenon caused by spurious colour signal in the aneurysm sac following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).
Radiographic features
Pseudoendoleak is defined as flow signal on colour Doppler in the aneurysm sac following EVAR, without evidence of ...
Article
Gastric varix
Gastric varices are an important portosystemic collateral pathway, occurring in ~20% of patients with portal hypertension. They are considered distinct from oesophageal varices in that they have a propensity to haemorrhage at comparatively lower portal pressures 1, and are also associated with h...
Article
Bronchial arterial aneurysm
Bronchial arterial aneurysm refers to any form of aneurysmal dilatation involving any segment of the bronchial artery. The term is sometimes used synonymously with a bronchial arterial pseudoaneurysm 2.
Epidemiology
They are a rare entity and are reported in <1% of those who undergo selective ...
Article
Carotid artery tortuosity
Carotid artery tortuosity is the elongation of the extracranial carotid arteries with redundancy and/or altered course, which may present on imaging as kinking, coiling, and/or looping 1,2.
Clinical presentation
Carotid artery tortuosity is mostly (~80%) asymptomatic. When symptomatic (~12.5%,...
Article
Anastamoses between internal and external carotid arteries
Multiple, highly-variable anastomoses exist between the internal and external carotid arteries. These anastomoses may not be evident on non-invasive imaging or even catheter angiography, and may only be demonstrable with elevated intra-arterial pressures or high-flow states.
Internal carotid ar...
Article
Deep artery of the penis
The deep artery of the penis, also known as cavernosal artery, is one of the two terminal branches of the internal pudendal artery.
Gross anatomy
Origin
The internal pudendal artery bifurcates terminally into the deep artery of the penis and the dorsal artery of the penis at the anterior marg...
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