Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Perivascular spaces
Perivascular spaces, also known as Virchow-Robin spaces, are fluid-filled spaces that surround small arterioles, capillaries and venules in the brain. Those that surround perforating vessels are frequently seen on routine MRI imaging.
Despite having been described well over a century ago and se...
Article
Parastomal hernia
Parastomal hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are defined as the protrusion of abdominal contents through an abdominal wall defect in the vicinity of the stoma.
Classification
The hernia may contain a loop of bowel forming the stoma itself, omentum, and/or intestinal loops other than that f...
Article
MitraClip device
A MitraClip is a device for percutaneous mitral valve repair. It is a percutaneous edge-to-edge attachment system that mimics the surgical procedure. This technique creates a tissue bridge between the anterior and posterior leaflets, employing one clip deployed through transseptal catheterisatio...
Article
Benign and malignant characteristics of breast lesions at ultrasound
Benign and malignant characteristics of breast lesions at ultrasound allow the classification as either malignant, intermediate or benign based on work published by Stavros et al. in 1995.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
Malignant characteristics (with positive predictive values)
sonographi...
Article
Accessory left atrial appendage
An accessory left atrial appendage is a frequent fortuitous finding in cardiac imaging, encountered in ~10% of patients. They are more often seen as a small diverticular structure projecting from the right upper side of the left atrial wall.
Differential diagnosis
it must not be confused with ...
Article
Ischaemic colitis
Ischaemic colitis refers to inflammation of the colon secondary to vascular insufficiency and ischaemia. It is sometimes considered under the same spectrum as intestinal ischaemia. The severity and consequences of the disease are highly variable.
Epidemiology
Ischaemic bowel is typically a dis...
Article
Dorsal nasal artery
The dorsal nasal artery, also known as the dorsonasal artery, is a terminal branch of the ophthalmic artery.
Gross anatomy
Arising as a terminal branch of the ophthalmic artery, the dorsal nasal artery exits the orbit after piercing the orbital septum above the medial canthal tendon (medial pa...
Article
Spinal meningioma
Meningiomas arising from the coverings of the spinal cord are one of the two most common intradural extramedullary spinal tumours, representing 25-30% of all such tumours 2.
This article specifically relates to spinal meningiomas. For a discussion on intracranial meningiomas and a general disc...
Article
Lateral talocalcaneal angle
The lateral talocalcaneal angle is one of the angles that can be measured for the assessment of pes planus and pes cavus and assessment of hindfoot deformity.
Measurement
The lateral talocalcaneal angle is drawn on a weight-bearing lateral foot radiograph. There are two ways that it has been d...
Article
Stanford classification of aortic dissection
The Stanford classification, along with the DeBakey classification, is used to separate aortic dissections into those that need surgical repair, and those that usually require only medical management 7.
Both the Stanford and DeBakey systems can be used to describe all forms of an acute aortic s...
Article
Combined cerebral oedema
Combined cerebral oedema is a type of cerebral oedema in which there is a mixed pattern of different types of cerebral oedema (cytotoxic, vasogenic or osmotic).
It is usually associated with severe systemic damage, such as:
hypertensive crises
severe sepsis / severe inflammatory condition
hy...
Article
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), is a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders characterised by accumulation of iron in the basal ganglia, which results in variable neurological disorders including extrapyramidal symptoms, neuropsychiatric and visual symptoms.
Numerou...
Article
Fetal atrioventricular block
Fetal atrioventricular block is a form a fetal bradyarrhythmia often classified into
fetal partial atrioventricular block (PAVB)
fetal complete atrioventricular block (CAVB)
Epidemiology
Fetal atrioventricular block is considered rare finding with reported occurrences of around 1:11,000-20,0...
Article
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, also known as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN), refers to a heterogeneous group of inherited peripheral neuropathies rather than a single clinical entity 9.
Epidemiology
The prevalence of CMT has been reported at ~45 cases (range 10-82) per 100,...
Article
Cystic renal dysplasia
Cystic renal dysplasia refers to a subgroup of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract characterised by the dysplastic renal parenchyma and formation of cysts. The most severe form is multicystic dysplastic kidney, in which functional renal parenchyma is absent and only undifferenti...
Article
Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastomas are tumours of neuroblastic origin. Although they may occur anywhere along the sympathetic chain, the vast majority arise from the adrenal gland.
They represent the most common extracranial solid childhood malignancy and are the third most common childhood tumour after leukaemia ...
Article
Chordoma
Chordomas are uncommon malignant tumours of the axial skeleton that account for 1% of intracranial tumours and 4% of all primary bone tumours.
They originate from embryonic remnants of the primitive notochord (earliest fetal axial skeleton, extending from the Rathke's pouch to the tip of the c...
Article
Internal oblique muscle
The internal oblique muscle is one of the muscles that form the anterior abdominal wall. Inferiorly, it contributes towards the formation of the inguinal ligament.
Summary
origin: originates along the whole length of the lumbar fascia, from the anterior two-thirds of the intermediate line of t...
Article
Transversus abdominis muscle
The transversus abdominis muscle, named according to the direction of its muscle fibres, is one of the flat muscles that form the anterior abdominal wall. It is deep to the internal oblique muscle and ends in the anterior aponeurosis, which ultimately blends with the linea alba.
Summary
origi...
Article
Diffuse paediatric-type high-grade gliomas, H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype
Diffuse paediatric-type high-grade gliomas, H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype are high-grade paediatric tumours included in the 5th Edition (2021) of the WHO brain tumour classification.
Terminology
Diffuse paediatric-type high-grade gliomas H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype are classified among the "pa...
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