Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Radial nerve block (ultrasound-guided)
Radial nerve blocks are a procedure for delivering anaesthesia to the radial nerve territory either as a standalone blockade or in conjunction with a brachial plexus, ulnar or median nerve block.
Indications
association with median nerve block
radial tunnel syndrome
forearm and hand surgical...
Article
Coronary in-stent restenosis
Coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR) is referred to as an increasing loss of the stented arterial lumen after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary stent placement which requires revascularisation.
Terminology
However, there are different clinical and angiographic definitions:
...
Article
Billowing phenomenon
Billowing phenomenon refers to the presence of contrast medium on contrast-enhanced CT outside of graft metal struts, due to the specific construction characteristic typical of the AFX® stent-graft (Endologix, Inc., USA), designed to treat abdominal aortic aneurysms. It has a unique internal sca...
Article
Inferior vena cava filter
Inferior vena cava filter, or just IVC filter, is an endovascular device that is typically placed in the infrarenal inferior vena cava (IVC) to prevent pulmonary embolism in selected patients. This procedure is most often performed by interventional radiologists under fluoroscopic guidance.
Ind...
Article
Double density sign (disambiguation)
The double density sign can refer to several radiological signs:
double density sign (left atrial enlargement)
double density sign (berry aneurysm)
double density sign (osteoid osteoma)
Article
High-intensity focused ultrasound
High-intensity focussed ultrasound (HIFU), sometimes referred to as focused ultrasound surgery (FUS), is a promising non-invasive thermal ablation technique.
Unlike diagnostic ultrasound, HIFU focuses the ultrasound waves precisely upon a target. In a similar way to how light can be focused to ...
Article
Segmental arterial mediolysis
Segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) is an increasingly recognised vascular disease of the middle-aged and elderly and a leading cause of spontaneous intra-abdominal haemorrhage. It is characterised by fusiform aneurysms, stenoses, dissections and occlusions within splanchnic arterial branches. I...
Article
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are drugs/medications widely used in several areas of medicine. They are also known as glucocorticoids, cortisone and colloquially steroids (note: do not mix up with anabolic steroids).
They are synthetic analogues of naturally occurring endogenous steroids produced by the adren...
Article
Iliac vein occlusion
Iliac vein occlusion can be due to a variety of causes including:
iatrogenic
neonatal catheters
catheter dissection injuries
IVC filter insertion
dialysis catheters
malignancy-related
direct tumour invasion
radiotherapy
enlarged lymph nodes
hypercoagulable state
prior DVTs
May-Thru...
Article
Intervention curriculum
The interventional radiology curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of articles that represent the core interventional knowledge. As the different procedures are intrinsically linked to the various radiology subspecialties, its content is mixed with some of the ...
Article
Heimlich valve
The Heimlich valve, also known as the flutter valve, is a unidirectional valve to ensure that gas/fluid drained from the pleural space cannot flow back in.
The Heimlich valve is cheap, easy to use, and does not require clamping unlike 'traditional' thoracostomy drainage tubes. Suction can stil...
Article
Botulism
Botulism is a neuroparalytic syndrome manifesting as diffuse generalised flaccid paralysis caused by exposure to botulinum neurotoxin. It can be potentially fatal.
Botulinum toxin is the deadliest toxin due to high lethality and potency. The lethal dose (LD 50) is 1-3 ng of toxin per 1 kg of bo...
Article
DNB in endovascular and interventional radiology
Diplomate of National Board (DNB) in endovascular and interventional radiology is a postdoctoral super specialty programme in India.
eligibility
postgraduate degree in radiology (MD/DNB)
National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Super Speciality courses) (NEETSS)/Common Entrance Test (Super S...
Article
Blood blister-like aneurysm
Blood blister-like aneurysm is a broad-based bulge at a non-branch point of a vessel, which is unlike saccular (or 'berry') aneurysms which usually occur at branch points.
Clinical presentation
Middle-aged patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Pathology
A focal defect in the arterial wall ...
Article
Inguinal hernia repair plug
Inguinal hernia repair plug refers to a nonabsorbable material such as a polypropylene inserted intraoperatively into an inguinal hernial defect.
Pathology
Usually located anterior to the iliac vessels at the level of the inguinal canal. Size varies with mean long axis diameter 2.6 cm. Unilate...
Article
Endocrine venous sampling
Endocrine venous sampling is a set of similar interventional techniques proposed for the specific diagnosis of some endocrine disorders such as:
inferior petrosal sinus sampling
evaluates for ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma as aetiology for endogenous Cushing syndrome
selective venous sampl...
Article
Coronary stent
Coronary stents or coronary artery stents are expandable tubular medical meshwork devices used for interventional treatment of coronary artery disease and prevention of negative remodelling and vascular recoil, restenosis as well as abrupt vessel occlusion from local coronary artery dissection a...
Article
Catheter-directed thrombolysis
Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) is an endovascular approach to the treatment of acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis. It involves the administration of a lytic agent directly into a thrombus.
Indications
precise diagnosis of iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis
first episode of acute ili...
Article
Pelvic abscess
A pelvic abscess refers to a walled-off collection of pus in the pelvis.
Pathology
Aetiology
Some of the causes include:
pelvic inflammatory disease (tubo-ovarian abscess)
iatrogenic e.g. post-surgical
inflammatory bowel disease
pelvic actinomycosis infection
diverticulitis
Clinical pr...
Article
No-touch ablation technique
No-touch ablation techniques, using either microwave or radiofrequency to generate heating, refer to approaches whereby the probes are placed at multiple oblique sites tangential and adjacent to the targeted tumour (cf. probe placement centrally within the tumour).
Indications
For general ind...
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