Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Bowel obstruction
Bowel obstructions are common and account for 20% of admissions with "surgical abdomens". Radiology is important in confirming the diagnosis and identifying the underlying cause.
Bowel obstructions are usually divided according to where the obstruction occurs, and since imaging appearances, und...
Article
Serrated polyposis syndrome
Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS), also called hyperplastic polyposis syndrome, is one of numerous polyposis syndromes and is characterised by the presence of multiple serrated polyps or a mixture of serrated and hyperplastic polyps, with the exact number required for diagnosis dependent on loca...
Article
Colonic oesophageal interposition
Colonic oesophageal interposition is a rarely performed upper gastrointestinal tract surgical procedure, in which colon is used to replace the distal oesophagus. The transverse colon with all or part of the ascending colon is the substitute of choice.
This has been performed for long oesophage...
Article
Terminal ileum
The terminal ileum (plural: ilea (rarely: ileums) is the most distal segment of small bowel. It immediately precedes the small bowel's connection with the colon through the ileocaecal valve. It is of particular interest since a number of infectious and inflammatory processes preferentially invol...
Article
Teardrop sign (superior mesenteric vein)
The teardrop sign of the superior mesenteric vein is one of the important signs in the local staging of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Its importance lies in its diagnostic, as well as prognostic, significance. This sign is used in assessing the resectability of pancreatic cancer.
Radiographic feat...
Article
Oesophagus
The oesophagus (plural: oesophagi or oesophaguses) is a muscular tube that conveys food and fluids from the pharynx to the stomach. It forms part of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Gross anatomy
The oesophagus is 23-37 cm long with a diameter of 1-2 cm and is divided into three parts:
cervi...
Article
Malignant vs benign gastric ulcer (barium)
Barium meal has been frequently used to differentiate malignant and benign gastric ulcers:
Features suggesting benign gastric ulcer
outpouching of ulcer crater beyond the gastric contour (exoluminal)
smooth rounded and deep ulcer crater
smooth ulcer mound
smooth gastric folds that reach the...
Article
Pseudokidney sign (colonic carcinoma)
The pseudokidney sign is a non-specific sonographic sign that describes the reniform shape of a mass with a hypoechoic region (representing bowel wall thickening) surrounding a central hyperechoic portion or echogenic stripe (which represents the apposition of the mucosal surfaces) 1,2.
It can...
Article
Omphalomesenteric duct
The omphalomesenteric duct, also called the vitelline or vitellointestinal duct, is a communicating tract between the embryonic yolk sac and the primitive midgut.
This duct is obliterated at around the 5th to 8th week of gestation. Approximately 2% of people have a failure of involution.
Relat...
Article
Antral nipple sign (pyloric stenosis)
The antral nipple sign refers to redundant pyloric mucosa protruding into the gastric antrum and is seen in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis on ultrasound examination.
See also
cervix sign (pyloric stenosis)
target sign (pyloric stenosis)
Article
Subcapsular splenic haematoma
Subcapsular splenic haematomas are a type of splenic haematoma that occurs beneath the splenic capsule.
Pathology
They can occur in both traumatic and non-traumatic situations.
Associations
abdominal: splenic trauma 3, a subcapsular haematoma is part of imaging criteria for grades I-III of t...
Article
Mallory-Weiss tear
Mallory-Weiss tears occur due to violent projection of gastric contents against the lower oesophagus (e.g. repetitive forceful vomiting), which results in mucosal and submucosal tear with involvement of the venous plexus. The resultant clinical syndrome is known as Mallory-Weiss syndrome.
This...
Article
Diverticulitis (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Diverticulitis is one of the presentations of diverticular disease and is most often a complication of colonic diverticulosis. Differentiating one from the other is critical since uncomplicated diverticulosis is mostly asym...
Article
Pancreatic lymphoma
Pancreatic lymphoma is most commonly a B-cell subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Epidemiology
Pancreatic lymphoma is typically seen in middle-aged patients with a mean age of around 55 years old and is more common in immunocompromised patients.
Clinical presentation
Symptoms are often non-speci...
Article
Gastropancreatic fistula
A gastropancreatic fistula is a rare form of gut fistulation where there is a fistulous communication between the stomach and the pancreas.
It has been described in association with
chronic pancreatitis 1 / severe pancreatitis
intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) 4
peptic ulcers 2
...
Article
Abdominal and pelvic anatomy
Abdominal and pelvic anatomy encompasses the anatomy of all structures of the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
This anatomy section promotes the use of the Terminologia Anatomica, the international standard of anatomical nomenclature.
Article
Inferior rectal artery
The inferior rectal artery arises from the internal pudendal artery and supplies the lower anal canal including the external anal sphincter.
Summary
origin: from internal pudendal artery, just after it enters the pudendal canal
course: runs anteromedially through the ischioanal fossa to reach...
Article
Coeliacomesenteric trunk
The coeliacomesenteric trunk (CMT) represents an uncommon vascular anatomical variant where both the coeliac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) have a common origin from the abdominal aorta as a single trunk. Its frequency has been reported to occur in about 1.5% of the population 1,...
Article
Properitoneal fat
The properitoneal fat, also known as the preperitoneal space, is a fat-containing space in the abdomen.
Posteriorly it lies deep to the transversalis fascia and fills the posterior pararenal space. Laterally it thickens and forms the properitoneal fat pad, which is the anterior extension of pos...
Article
Primary serous papillary carcinoma of the peritoneum
A primary serous papillary carcinoma of the peritoneum (PSPCP) is an extremely rare primary peritoneal tumour.
Epidemiology
They usually present in postmenopausal women.
Clinical presentation
Patients tend to present with non-specific complaints such as abdominal pain, anorexia, and abdomina...
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