Search results for “COPD”
57 results found
Article
Intramural bowel gas
Intramural bowel gas, also known as pneumatosis intestinalis, refers to the clinical or radiological finding of gas within the wall of the bowel.
Terminology
There are different terminologies in the medical literature, such as pneumatosis intestinalis, pneumatosis coli, and pneumatosis cystoid...
Article
Emphysema (disambiguation)
Emphysema refers to any disease process involving an abnormal accumulation of air/gas in the tissues. When used alone, it is usually taken to mean the lung disease, pulmonary emphysema, which forms part of the spectrum of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
gastric emphysema: include...
Article
Primary pneumatosis intestinalis
Primary pneumatosis intestinalis (PPI) is a benign idiopathic condition in which multiple gas-filled cystic lesions are seen in the gastrointestinal tract wall. The changes are usually seen initially on radiography or CT with CT being the more sensitive test.
Epidemiology
Primary pneumatosis i...
Article
Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis
Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is characterized by the presence of multiple gas-filled cysts in the submucosa and/or gastrointestinal subserosa of the small intestine. It is a subtype of pneumatosis with specific features, which can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, including ...
Article
Obturator hernia
Obturator hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are characterized by bowel herniating between the obturator and the pectineus muscles. They are a rare type of abdominal hernia and can be a challenge to diagnose clinically.
Epidemiology
Typically obturator hernias occur in older women 2,3 or pa...
Article
Direct inguinal hernia
A direct inguinal hernia (alternative plural: herniae) is a type of groin herniation, that arises from protrusion of abdominal viscera through a weakness of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal medial to the inferior epigastric vessels, specifically through Hesselbach's triangle.
This type ...
Article
CEA
Serum CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) is a cell-adhesive glycoprotein that was discovered in colorectal cancer in 1965, and is hence one of the oldest and most used tumor markers. Its name derives from its normal expression in fetoembryonic liver, gut and pancreas tissue.
Normal range of CEA is ...
Article
Mackler's triad
Mackler's triad consists of the clinical symptoms of vomiting, followed by severe pain in the chest, usually retrosternal, lower thoracic, and upper abdominal, associated with subcutaneous emphysema detected on physical examination, which is suggestive of esophageal rupture (Boerhaave syndrome) ...
Article
Portal venous gas
Portal venous gas, also known as pneumatosis portalis, is the accumulation of gas in the portal vein and its branches. It needs to be distinguished from pneumobilia, although this is usually not too problematic when associated findings are taken into account along with the pattern of gas (i.e. p...
Article
Intravenous drug user
Intravenous drug users (IVDU) are people who inject non-medical and controlled medical drugs (and may have substance use disorder) for non-medical purposes. Frequently injected drugs include heroin, cocaine, prescription opioids and methamphetamine 6.
Terminology
More neutral terms such as pe...
Article
Anderson triad
The Anderson triad consists of the clinical findings of tachypnea and abdominal rigidity with lower thoracic or epigastric pain, associated with subcutaneous emphysema, which is usually related to esophageal rupture.
Article
Intrapancreatic gas
The presence of gas in the pancreatic gland and/or the pancreatic ducts is an uncommon finding.
Pathology
Etiology
Causes of gas in the pancreatic ducts
altered function and/or anatomy of the sphincter of Oddi: causes duodenal-pancreatic duct reflux
patulous pancreatic duct opening 2
papi...
Article
Pneumatosis intestinalis (mnemonic)
A helpful mnemonic for remembering the causes of pneumatosis intestinalis is:
ChIPS
Mnemonic
C: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
I: ischemia
P: pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis
S: scleroderma/steroids
Article
Pseudopneumoretroperitoneum
Pseudopneumoretroperitoneum is the radiographic finding of gas within the abdominal region that mimics the appearance of pneumoretroperitoneum (cf. the analogous pseudopneumoperitoneum i.e. abdominal gas that erroneously suggests pneumoperitoneum).
Causes of pseudopneumoretroperitoneum include...
Case
Morgagni hernia
Published
24 May 2023
95% complete
CT
Case
Malpositioned Angelchik Antireflux Prosthesis
Published
22 Jun 2021
95% complete
CT
X-ray
Article
Emphysematous gastritis
Emphysematous gastritis is a cause of gastric emphysema. It is a form of phlegmonous gastritis caused by gas-producing organisms 3. In this condition, microorganisms (e.g. Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium welchii, or mixed infections with Staphylococcus aureus) produce the ...
Article
Gluten-related disorders
Gluten-related disorders are a collection of conditions that are the result of a reaction to the consumption of gluten a protein found in wheat, barley and rye 1.
Gluten-related disorders can be broadly divided into 1,2:
celiac disease: most common and most widely recognized
wheat allergy
n...
Case
Chilaiditi sign
Published
25 Dec 2023
91% complete
X-ray
Article
Benign post-traumatic pseudopneumoperitoneum
Benign post-traumatic pseudopneumoperitoneum is the presence of ectopic gas typically between the 5th-10th intercostal spaces after high-energy trauma in the absence of other causes of pseudopneumoperitoneum such as pneumomediastinum 9.
Epidemiology
Occurs with an incidence of 5% post-trauma...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.