Search results for “COPD”
58 results found
Article
Deep sulcus sign (chest)
The deep sulcus sign on a supine chest radiograph raises suspicion of a pneumothorax.
On a supine chest radiograph (common in intensive care units or as part of a trauma radiograph series), it may be the only suggestion of a pneumothorax because air collects anteriorly and basally, within the n...
Article
Emphysema (disambiguation)
Emphysema refers to any disease process involving an abnormal accumulation of air/gas in the tissues. When used alone, it is usually taken to mean the lung disease, pulmonary emphysema, which forms part of the spectrum of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
gastric emphysema: include...
Article
Pneumothorax in supine projection
A pneumothorax does not display classical signs when a patient is positioned supine for a chest radiograph as commonly occurs in acute trauma or the critical care setting. Of course, pneumothoraces are common in both these scenarios and even relatively small pneumothoraces may be significant due...
Article
Orbital emphysema
Orbital emphysema is the presence of gas within the orbital soft tissues. It is usually due to orbital fractures communicating with the paranasal sinuses but can be caused by penetrating trauma and infection. It is a common finding also after orbital or ocular surgery.
Location
preseptal
...
Article
Seymour fracture
The Seymour fracture is a clinically important subtype of mallet finger type injury. The Seymour fracture is comprised of a distal phalanx physeal fracture that has an associated nail bed injury commonly with ungual subluxation.
Clinical presentation
The skeletally-immature patient presents wi...
Article
Stove-in chest
A stove-in chest is a rare and complex type of flail chest injury where the flail segment collapses into the chest. It is usually due to severe blunt trauma to the chest wall and is rarely encountered in imaging or emergency medicine due to the high mortality at the scene. It may evolve over day...
Article
Penetrating thoracic trauma
Penetrating thoracic trauma, namely gunshot and stab injuries, vary widely in incidence globally but nevertheless result in high mortality and serious morbidity. CT is the modality of choice in imaging these patients and can reduce the need for surgical exploration.
Pathology
Penetrating thor...
Article
Tracheobronchial injury
Tracheobronchial injury is a serious but uncommon manifestation of chest trauma. It is usually a fatal injury with only a small percentage of patients making it to hospital. Given the magnitude of force required to injure the major airways, there are often multiple chest and other bodily injurie...
Article
Macklin effect
The Macklin effect refers to pneumomediastinum caused by alveolar rupture and pulmonary interstitial emphysema tracking to the mediastinum along the peribronchovascular interstitium. This is typically seen in blunt chest trauma or asthma.
Pathology
A sudden rise in intra-alveolar pressure can ...
Article
Benign post-traumatic pseudopneumoperitoneum
Benign post-traumatic pseudopneumoperitoneum is the presence of ectopic gas typically between the 5th-10th intercostal spaces after high-energy trauma in the absence of other causes of pseudopneumoperitoneum such as pneumomediastinum 9.
Epidemiology
Occurs with an incidence of 5% post-trauma...
Case
Pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum and subcutaneous emphysema
Published
06 Jul 2020
83% complete
CT
Article
Orbital compartment syndrome
Orbital compartment syndrome is an ophthalmological emergency referring to an increased intraorbital pressure that may lead to permanent visual impairment if left untreated.
Clinical presentation
Findings on exam may include:
decreased visual acuity 6
globe palpably tense and resistant to ma...
Article
Flail chest
Flail chest or flail thoracic segment implies paradoxical motion of a segment of chest wall during respiration due to multiple rib fractures. Definitions vary; radiologists apply the term when three or more contiguous ribs are fractured in two or more places. Clinically, a segment of only one or...
Case
Penetrating thoracic trauma - stabbing
Published
29 Sep 2016
95% complete
CT
Article
Tension pneumothorax
Tension pneumothoraces occur when intrapleural air accumulates progressively with hemodynamic compromise 10. It is a life-threatening occurrence requiring both rapid recognition and prompt treatment to avoid a cardiorespiratory arrest.
For a general discussion, refer to the pneumothorax article...
Case
Cricoid cartilage fracture
Published
06 Oct 2022
92% complete
CT
Case
Post-traumatic pulmonary interstitial emphysema
Published
17 Apr 2024
89% complete
CT
Article
Subcutaneous emphysema
Subcutaneous emphysema (also known commonly, although less correctly, as surgical emphysema), strictly speaking, refers to gas in the subcutaneous tissues. But the term is generally used to describe any soft tissue emphysema of the body wall or limbs since the gas often dissects into the deeper ...
Article
Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) scan
Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) scan is a point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) examination performed at the time of presentation of a trauma patient.
It is invariably performed by a clinician, who should be formally trained, and is considered as an 'extension' of the trauma cl...
Case
Pneumomediastinum
Published
13 Jul 2023
91% complete
X-ray
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