Search results for “also”

747 results found
Article

Ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that not only predominantly affects the colon, but also has extra-intestinal manifestations. Epidemiology Typically ulcerative colitis manifests in young adults (15-40 years of age) and is more prevalent in males but the onset of d...
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Crohn disease

Crohn disease, also known as regional enteritis, is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by widespread discontinuous gastrointestinal tract inflammation. The terminal ileum and proximal colon are most often affected. Extraintestinal disease is common. Epidemiology The diagnos...
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Colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer is the most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract and is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in adults. CT is the mainstay for colon cancer locoregional staging and MRI is the mainstay for rectal cancer locoregional staging. This article focuses on colon ca...
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Acute non-traumatic abdominal pain in pregnancy

Acute non-traumatic abdominal pain in pregnancy requires a considered imaging approach due to the increased risks of fetal demise associated with undiagnosed diseases such as perforated acute appendicitis. Ultrasound is the first-line modality due to its wide availability and ability to diagnose...
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Syphilis

Syphilis is the result of infection with the gram-negative spirochete Treponema pallidum, subspecies pallidum. It results in a heterogeneous spectrum of disease with many systems that can potentially be involved, which are discussed separately.  Epidemiology Despite the discovery of penicillin...
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Pneumoperitoneum

Pneumoperitoneum (aeroperitoneum is a rare synonym 12) describes gas within the peritoneal cavity, often due to critical illness. There are numerous causes and several mimics. Pathology The most common cause of pneumoperitoneum is the disruption of the wall of a hollow viscus. In children, the...
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Gastrointestinal MRI contrast agents

Gastrointestinal MRI contrast agents may be helpful in certain clinical scenarios in distinguishing bowel from intra-abdominal masses and normal organs. The contrast agents can be divided into positive agents (appearing bright on MRI) or negative agents (appearing dark on MRI). Positive contras...
Article

Meckel diverticulitis

Meckel diverticulitis is the inflammation of a Meckel diverticulum, which is the most common congenital structural abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract 3. Despite this, it is an uncommon cause of acute abdomen and is often not correctly diagnosed pre-operatively.  This article focuses on M...
Article

Acute appendicitis

Acute appendicitis is an acute inflammation of the vermiform appendix. It is a very common condition in general radiology practice and is one of the main reasons for abdominal surgery in young patients. CT is the most sensitive modality to detect appendicitis. Terminology Acute appendicitis (p...
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Autoimmune pancreatitis

Autoimmune pancreatitis is a form of chronic pancreatitis associated with autoimmune manifestations on clinical, histological, and laboratory grounds 1. Distinguishing this entity from other forms of chronic pancreatitis (such as alcohol-induced) is important as steroid treatment is effective b...
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Liver

The liver is the largest abdominal organ. It plays a major role in metabolism and has many functions, including glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells, plasma protein synthesis, hormone production, and detoxification. It is one of the very few organs that has the ability to regenerat...
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Splenic vein thrombosis

Splenic vein thrombosis (plural: thromboses) is an uncommon condition in which the splenic vein becomes thrombosed, that most frequently occurs in the context of pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer. Whilst, for the most part asymptomatic, splenic vein thrombosis increases risk of gastric varices a...
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CT colonography - pitfalls

The interpretation of CT colonography can sometimes be difficult because of pitfalls, which may be a source of false negative and false positive findings. When suboptimal CT colonography techniques are applied, the number and severity of interpretive pitfalls can rapidly multiply. However, when ...
Article

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is an uncommon primary tumor of the peritoneal lining. It shares epidemiological and pathological features with - but is less common than - its pleural counterpart, which is described in detail in the general article on mesothelioma. Other abdominal subtypes (al...
Article

Primary cutaneous melanoma

Primary cutaneous melanoma is the most common subtype of melanoma, a malignant neoplasm that arises from melanocytes. Melanocytes predominantly occur in the basal layer of the epidermis but do occur elsewhere in the body. Primary cutaneous melanoma is by far the most common type of primary melan...
Article

Sclerosing mesenteritis

Sclerosing mesenteritis, also known as mesenteric panniculitis or retractile mesenteritis​, is an uncommon idiopathic disorder characterized by chronic non-specific inflammation involving the adipose tissue of the bowel mesentery. It is often considered in the spectrum of autoimmune disease 21. ...
Article

Pneumoretroperitoneum

Pneumoretroperitoneum is by definition presence of gas within the retroperitoneal space. Pathology Pneumoretroperitoneum is always abnormal and has a relatively small differential: perforated retroperitoneal hollow viscus duodenum peptic ulcer disease 12 blunt or penetrating abdominal trau...
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Achalasia

Achalasia (primary achalasia) is a failure of organized esophageal peristalsis that causes impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, resulting in food stasis and often marked dilatation of the esophagus.  Obstruction of the distal esophagus from other non-functional etiologies, not...
Article

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI NETs) are neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the GI tract and can be functional or non-functional: functional NETs can be challenging to localize as:  they are often small in size at the time of diagnosis arise in many sites throughout the body non-fun...
Article

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

Plummer-Vinson syndrome, also known as the Paterson-Brown Kelly syndrome, is a very rare condition which comprises a classic triad of dysphagia, iron-deficiency anemia and upper esophageal webs. Epidemiology The incidence of Plummer-Vinson syndrome has plummeted in the past fifty years and thi...

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