Search results for “cerebral atrophy”

180 results found
Article

Cerebral atrophy

Cerebral atrophy is the morphological presentation of brain parenchymal volume loss that is frequently seen on cross-sectional imaging. Rather than being a primary diagnosis, it is the common endpoint for a range of disease processes that affect the central nervous system. Though often no identi...
Case

Cerebral atrophy

  Diagnosis certain
The Radswiki
Published 20 Oct 2010
74% complete
CT
Case

Progressive cerebral atrophy: pediatric

  Diagnosis probable
Ian Bickle
Published 22 Apr 2017
68% complete
MRI
Case

Evolution of cerebral infarction: edema to laminar necrosis and hemorrhagic transformation then to atrophy

  Diagnosis certain
Chris O'Donnell
Published 23 Dec 2014
95% complete
CT
Article

Sjögren-Larsson syndrome

Sjögren-Larsson syndrome is a rare inherited autosomal recessive neurocutaneous syndrome and leukodystrophy characterized by the clinical triad of ichthyosis, intellectual disability, and spastic diplegia or tetraplegia. Epidemiology Although considered very rare, the exact prevalence is not k...
Article

Alpers syndrome

Alpers syndrome, also known as Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome or progressive cerebral poliodystrophy, is a rare childhood neurodegenerative POLG-related disorder. Along with Leigh syndrome, it is one of the commonest childhood mitochondrial disorders 1.  Epidemiology Alpers syndrome is incredibl...
Article

Cortical vein sign

The cortical vein sign refers to the presence of superficial cortical veins seen on MRI and CT (particularly with contrast injection) traversing an enlarged subarachnoid space, differentiating it from the similar radiological appearance of a subdural hygroma. Although initially proposed as a me...
Article

Benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space in infancy

Benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces in infancy (BESS or BESSI) also known as benign external hydrocephalus (BEH) is, as per the name, a benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces in infants. It usually involves the frontal lobe subarachnoid spaces, and it is characterized clinically...
Article

Mesial temporal sclerosis

Mesial temporal sclerosis, also commonly referred to as hippocampal sclerosis, is the most common association with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy 2,3,5. It is seen in up to 65% of autopsy studies, although significantly less in imaging. Clinical presentation Most patients present with temp...
Article

Sickle cell disease (cerebral manifestations)

Cerebral manifestations of sickle cell disease contribute significantly to the overall morbidity of the disease. Sickle cell disease is among the most common causes of stroke in the pediatric population. For a general discussion of sickle cell disease, please refer to sickle cell disease. Epid...
Article

Hypomelanosis of Ito

Hypomelanosis of Ito, also known as incontinentia pigmenti achromians, is the third most frequent phakomatosis, involving a wide spectrum of defects in multiple organ systems. Epidemiology The prevalence is unknown, being reported as between 1 per 8000 patients in a general pediatric hospital ...
Article

Moyamoya disease

Moyamoya disease is an idiopathic, non-inflammatory, non-atherosclerotic progressive vaso-occlusive disease involving the terminal supraclinoid internal carotid arteries and circle of Willis.   Terminology The term moyamoya disease should be reserved for an idiopathic, sometimes familial, cond...
Article

Global cortical atrophy scale

The global cortical atrophy (GCA) scale, also known as the Pasquier scale, is a qualitative rating system developed to assess cerebral atrophy, especially in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. It evaluates atrophy in 13 brain regions assessed separately in each hemisphere and resulting i...
Article

Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation

Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), is a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders characterized by accumulation of iron in the basal ganglia, which results in variable neurological disorders including extrapyramidal symptoms, neuropsychiatric and visual symptoms. Numerou...
Article

Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome

Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome (HSES) is a rare pediatric encephalopathy syndrome with a high mortality rate. Epidemiology Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome is considered rare, although the exact global incidence and prevalence is not known. The condition occurs in i...
Article

CHEDDA syndrome

CHEDDA syndrome stands for congenital hypotonia, epilepsy, developmental delay and digital anomalies. Is a newly discovered neurodevelopmental syndrome associated with mutations in a conserved histidine-rich motif within Atrophin-1 (ATN-1).1 Epidemiology CHEDDA syndrome is very rare, with only...
Article

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

Normal pressure hydrocephalus remains a controversial entity with often ambiguous imaging findings. It is classically characterized by the triad of gait apraxia/ataxia, urinary incontinence, and cognitive impairment, although not all patients with the condition have all three 31. On imaging, it...
Article

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that results in rapidly progressive dementia and death usually within a year from onset. The vast majority are sporadic, but familial and acquired forms are occasionally encountered. On imaging, it classically manifest...
Article

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an autosomal dominant microvasculopathy characterized by recurrent lacunar and subcortical white matter ischemic strokes and vascular dementia in young and middle age patients without known va...
Article

Cerebral fat embolism

Cerebral fat embolism is one manifestation of fat embolism syndrome, but can also rarely occur in isolation. Epidemiology Cerebral fat embolism typically occurs in patients with bony fractures (usually long bones of the lower limb) or following orthopedic or cardiac surgery 19. In particular, ...

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