10 results found
Article
Systemic lupus erythematosus (CNS manifestations)
Central nervous system manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (CNS lupus), also known as neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE), describe a very diverse range of neuropsychiatric manifestations that are secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the central nervous...
Article
Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation
Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL) is a rare inherited autosomal recessive leukodystrophy characterized by slowly progressive pyramidal, cerebellar, and dorsal column dysfunction.
Epidemiology
Although considered rare, the exact prevalen...
Article
Friedreich ataxia
Friedreich ataxia is the most common hereditary progressive ataxia.
Epidemiology
Thought to have an estimated prevalence of ~1:50,000. There is no recognized gender predilection.
Typically present in childhood to adolescence 11. Those with a higher number of trinucleotide repeats (>500) are t...
Article
Subacute combined degeneration of the cord
Subacute combined degeneration of the cord is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency.
Epidemiology
Most common in patients older than 40 years and especially older than 60 years 7.
Clinical presentation
The clinical presentation of subacute combined degeneration is usually with loss of vibration ...
Article
Scoliosis
Scoliosis (plural: scolioses) is defined as an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It is quite common in young individuals and is often idiopathic and asymptomatic. In some cases, however, it is the result of underlying structural or neurological abnormalities.
Terminology
Early onset sco...
Article
Adrenomyeloneuropathy
Adrenomyeloneuropathy is a form of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy characterized by pronounced involvement of the spinal cord with only minor involvement of the cerebral white matter.
Clinical presentation
Clinical presentation depends on whether or not there is also cerebral involvement.
In ...
Article
HTLV-1-associated myelopathy
HTLV-1-associated myelopathy, also known as tropical spastic paraparesis, is primarily seen in Japan, Melanesia and the Caribbean and presents with chronic spastic paraparesis.
Terminology
This condition has been independently described in Japan (HTLV-1 associated myelopathy) and in the Caribb...
Article
Autoimmune glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy
Autoimmune glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy, or simply GFAP astrocytopathy, is a rare inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disorder.
Epidemiology
Given the rarity of the condition, epidemiological data pertaining to autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy are not well establishe...
Article
Spinal cord schistosomiasis
Spinal cord schistosomiasis is a grave central nervous system form of this parasitic disease. In endemic areas, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of myelopathy, as early treatment is fundamental in the prevention of severe and irreversible injuries.
This article discusses spi...
Article
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are closely related severe demyelinating diseases caused by an autoantibody to the aquaporin-4 water channel. The classic presentation of NMO is with the triad of optic neuritis, longitudinally extensive myelitis, and ...
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