68 results found
Article
Dental implant
Dental implants are a common procedure used to replace absent teeth. Radiology has a role in pre-implant planning as well as post-implant assessment including identification of complications.
Radiographic features
Dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the most common modality used in...
Article
Videofluoroscopic swallow study
Videofluoroscopic swallow studies (also often called modified barium swallow studies) are a variation on traditional barium swallow studies. Although typical barium swallow studies / esophagrams evaluate the pharynx, the goal in these studies is to even more closely evaluate the oral cavity, pha...
Article
First branchial cleft fistula
First branchial cleft fistulae are rare congenital malformations arising from the branchial apparatus during embryogenesis 1-5. They are often in close relation to the parotid gland, facial nerve, external auditory canal and the anterior neck near the angle of the mandible 1,2,5. Diagnosis can b...
Article
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a type of paranasal sinus surgery performed intranasally using a rigid endoscope. Its primary objective is to restore physiological ventilation and mucociliary transport 1.
Paranasal sinus imaging is crucial in preoperative planning and is also incr...
Article
Subglottic stenosis
Subglottic stenosis is a condition characterized by narrowing of the subglottic airway (region below the vocal cords). It can be congenital or acquired 1.
Epidemiology
Subglottic stenosis is the third most common congenital airway abnormality. The incidence of subglottic stenosis has decreased...
Article
Salivary duct carcinoma
Salivary duct carcinomas are a subtype of primary salivary gland tumor. Salivary duct carcinomas show high rates of metastasis and recurrence.
Epidemiology
Salivary duct carcinomas represent 5-10% of salivary gland malignancies and can arise de novo or out of a pleomorphic adenoma 1,2. They t...
Article
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the head and neck
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, formerly known as malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), is commonly recognized as an aggressive sarcoma with poor outcomes 1.
Epidemiology
Most patients are between 50 and 70 years of age, and men are affected 2–3 times as commonly as women 1-3.
Clinical...
Article
Multinodular goiter
Multinodular goiter (MNG) is defined as an enlarged thyroid gland (i.e. goiter) due to multiple nodules which may have normal, decreased or increased function.
Terminology
When increased activity and hyperthyroidism are present then the condition is referred to as a toxic multinodular goiter ...
Article
Edentulism
Edentulism (or edentulousness) means absence of dentition and can have a significant impact on a patient's quality of life in addition to the negative cosmetic effects.
Terminology
When edentulism is used as a standalone term it usually means that all the teeth are absent, i.e. complete edentu...
Article
Lamina papyracea dehiscence
Dehiscence of the lamina papyracea is an anomaly of the paranasal sinuses represented by a defect of the medial orbital wall. It is thought to be a benign congenital variant of no clinical significance.
Clinical presentation
Almost all patients tend to be asymptomatic, according to one study 2...
Article
Lymph node levels of the neck
The lymph nodes in the neck have historically been divided into at least six anatomic neck lymph node levels for the purpose of head and neck cancer staging and therapy planning. Differing definitions exist across specialties 1-4. The following is a synthesis of radiologically useful boundaries ...
Article
Nasal septal perforation
A nasal septal perforation refers to a defect in the nasal septum resulting in a communication between the two nasal cavities. It may affect either the bony, or cartilaginous septum. Most commonly it affects the anterior septal cartilaginous area although with syphilis it characteristically affe...
Article
Paranasal sinus fractures
Paranasal sinuses are air-filled cavities surrounding the nasal cavity proper which includes maxillary sinus, sphenoid sinus, frontal sinus and ethmoid sinus. Trauma to the superior and middle thirds of the face can often lead to in paranasal sinus fractures involving one or more paranasal sinus...
Article
Bolger classification of maxillary sinus hypoplasia
The Bolger classification of maxillary sinus hypoplasia proposed by Bolger et al. in 1990 1 takes into account associated anomalies of the uncinate process, which are of utmost importance for planning functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).
Maxillary sinus hypoplasia in itself is asymptomat...
Article
Facial fractures
Facial fractures are commonly caused by blunt or penetrating trauma at moderate or high levels of force. Such injuries may be sustained during a fall, physical assault, motor vehicle collision, or gunshot wound. The facial bones are thin and relatively fragile, making them susceptible to injury....
Article
Cervical lymph node metastasis (radiologic criteria)
Cervical lymph node metastases refer to regional nodal involvement by cancer in the head and neck, most commonly due to squamous cell carcinoma originating from the aerodigestive tract or skin. Radiologic detection of cervical lymph node metastases is important for clinical staging and planning ...
Article
Inverted papilloma
Inverted papillomas are a type of Schneiderian papilloma, representing an uncommon non-cancerous sinonasal tumor that mostly affects middle-aged men. They occasionally undergo malignant transformation. On imaging, they classically demonstrate a convoluted cerebriform pattern seen on both T2 and ...
Article
Frontal mucocele
A frontal mucocele is a paranasal sinus mucocele in a frontal sinus and is the most common location of all the paranasal sinus mucoceles 1.
Clinical presentation
Mucocoeles in the frontal sinus may be asymptomatic with insidious onset or present with headaches 2 and facial pain. Forehead (supr...
Article
Cholesteatoma
Cholesteatomas are histologically equivalent to an epidermoid cyst and are composed of desquamated keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium forming a mass.
Clinical presentation
They may be asymptomatic, or may present with conductive hearing loss, dizziness, or otorrhea.
Pathology
The ma...
Article
Hemifacial microsomia
Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is the second most common congenital facial anomaly after cleft lip/palate. The condition may vary from mild to severe. Goldenhar syndrome has been described as a variant of hemifacial microsomia, in which vertebral anomalies and epibulbar dermoids are present.
Termi...
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