19 results found
Article
Dystocia of shoulder
Shoulder dystocia (SD) refers to the failure of the shoulder to be delivered during childbirth and the need for extra-obstetric maneuvers to facilitate their passage after normal smooth gentle downward traction has failed. Dystocia literally means difficult labor.
Epidemiology
The incidence of...
Article
Turtle sign (fetal shoulder dystocia)
Turtle sign is a clinical sign of fetal shoulder dystocia in which the fetal head retracts 3. The head bobbing, emerging and then pulling back could be conceptualised as similar to a turtle pulling its head into and out of its shell. The sign does not necessarily signify true shoulder dystocia 2.
Case
Shoulder dystocia
Published
14 Oct 2019
25% complete
Article
Labeled imaging anatomy cases
This article lists a series of labeled imaging anatomy cases by body region and modality.
Brain
CT head: non-contrast axial
CT head: non-contrast coronal
CT head: non-contrast sagittal
CT head: non-contrast axial with clinical questions
CT head: angiogram axial
CT head: angiogram coronal
...
Article
Thrombocytopenia with absent radius syndrome
Thrombocytopenia with absent radius (TAR) syndrome is primarily characterized by the following two features:
fetal thrombocytopenia
absent fetal radii (bilaterally) with the presence of both thumbs
Epidemiology
The condition is extremely rare with an estimated incidence of 0.4 per 100,000 bi...
Article
Erb palsy
Erb palsy, also known as brachial plexus birth palsy, is a form of obstetric brachial plexus injury as a result of complications during delivery.
Clinical presentation
The most common cause is due to excessive lateral traction or stretching of the fetal head and neck in opposite directions du...
Article
Dystocia
The term dystocia in obstetrics means a "difficult birth".
There can be many types of dystocia which include:
shoulder dystocia
cervical dystocia
pelvic dystocia
Article
Variation in fetal presentation
There can be many variations in the fetal presentation which is determined by which part of the fetus is projecting towards the internal cervical os. This includes:
cephalic presentation: fetal head presenting towards the internal cervical os, considered normal and occurs in the vast majority o...
Article
Birth fracture of the clavicle
Birth fractures of the clavicle occur in 0.5-1% of vaginal deliveries and are the most frequent birth-related fracture. They are most commonly seen following normal, uncomplicated births but there is recognized increased incidence with high birth weight babies, forceps delivery and shoulder dyst...
Article
Post-term pregnancy
Post-term pregnancy is when the gestation has extended 2 weeks beyond the expected date of delivery (>42 weeks gestation).
Epidemiology
The reported prevalence is 7% of pregnancies 3.
Risk factors
Some risk factors have been identified such as:
Maternal factors:
primiparity
obesity
histo...
Article
Cephalopelvic disproportion
Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) occurs when there is a mismatch between the size of the fetal head and the maternal pelvis causing difficulty in the safe passage of the fetus through the birth canal.
Pathology
Cephalopelvic disproportion may be caused by the fetal head outgrowing the capacit...
Article
Fetal macrosomia
Fetal macrosomia, also sometimes termed large for gestational age (LGA), is usually defined when the estimated fetal weight (EFW) is greater than the 90th percentile. According to this definition, it affects up to 10% of all live births. Some also use an increased birth weight (i.e. >4500 g) in ...
Article
Aase-Smith syndrome
Aase-Smith syndrome (or Aase syndrome) is an extremely rare congenital disorder characterized by anemia and skeletal deformity.
Epidemiology
Aase-Smith syndrome has a prevalence of less than 1 per 1,000,000 persons. There have only been 20 reported cases.
Clinical presentation
congenital hyp...
Article
Left ventricular outflow tract view (fetal echocardiogram)
The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) view (or five chamber view) is one of the standard views in a fetal echocardiogram.
It is a long-axis view of the heart, highlighting the path from the left ventricle into the ascending aorta (left ventricle outflow tract).
In this view, the right vent...
Article
Right ventricular outflow tract view (fetal echocardiogram)
The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) view (or three vessel view/3VV) is one of the standard views in a fetal echocardiogram. It principally assesses the right ventricular outflow tract. It is a long axis view of the heart, highlighting the path from the right ventricle into the pulmonary t...
Article
Birth trauma
Birth trauma (a.k.a. birth injury) relates to those conditions caused by both physical/mechanical and hypoxic injuries.
Epidemiology
Birth trauma occurs in ~5 per 1000 births 2.
Risk factors
asphyxia
breech presentation
shoulder dystocia
instrument delivery
macrosomia
obstructed labor
...
Article
Parturition-induced pelvic instability
Parturition-induced pelvic instability is a rare condition seen in women following vaginal delivery.
Epidemiology
The incidence of symphyseal rupture after vaginal delivery ranges from one in 600 to one in 30,000 deliveries 1.
Predisposing factors include multiparity, complicated delivery, ...
Case
Neonatal humeral fracture
Published
23 Dec 2022
94% complete
X-ray
Case
Ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy
Published
16 Feb 2023
94% complete
Ultrasound
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