32 results found
Article
11-13 week antenatal scan
11-13 week antenatal (nuchal translucency) scan is considered a routine investigation advised for fetal well-being as well as for early screening in pregnancy (see antenatal screening).
It includes multiple components and is highly dependent on the operator. Traditionally three factors are used...
Case
Acrania, exencephaly and spina bifida
Published
15 Jun 2017
75% complete
Ultrasound
Case
Acrania-exencephaly sequence
Published
23 Nov 2009
69% complete
Ultrasound
X-ray
Article
Anencephaly
Anencephaly is the most severe form of cranial neural tube defect and is characterized by an absence of cortical tissue (although the brainstem and cerebellum may be variably present) as well as an absence of the cranial vault. The morphological spectrum within anencephaly ranges from holocrania...
Case
Anencephaly
Published
07 May 2022
79% complete
Ultrasound
Case
Arnold Chiari malformation type II
Published
12 Jun 2020
90% complete
MRI
Article
Banana sign (cerebellum)
The banana sign is one of the many notable fruit inspired signs.
This sign is seen on axial imaging through the posterior fossa of fetuses with associated conditions such as Chiari II malformation and/or spina bifida.
In Chiari II malformation, the banana sign describes the way the cerebellum...
Case
Bilateral clubfoot - congenital talipes equinovarus
Published
16 Aug 2023
82% complete
Ultrasound
Article
Cephalocele
Cephalocele refers to the outward herniation of CNS contents through a defect in the cranium. The vast majority are midline.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is 0.8-4:10,000 live births 13 with a well recognized geographical variation between types; however, this has been speculated to be ...
Article
Chiari II malformation
Chiari II malformations are relatively common congenital malformations of the spine and posterior fossa characterized by myelomeningocele (lumbosacral spina bifida aperta) and a small posterior fossa with descent of the brainstem, cerebellar tonsils, and vermis through the foramen magnum. Numero...
Article
Congenital talipes equinovarus
Congenital talipes equinovarus is considered the most common anomaly affecting the feet diagnosed on antenatal ultrasound.
Terminology
While some use talipes equinovarus and clubfoot synonymously, in certain publications, the term clubfoot is considered a more general descriptive term that des...
Case
Craniorachischisis
Published
27 May 2022
75% complete
Ultrasound
Article
Craniorachischisis
Craniorachischisis, also known as craniorachischisis totalis, is a rare birth defect and the most severe of the neural tube defects. It refers to the presence of both anencephaly and spina bifida.
Epidemiology
In one study the prevalence of craniorachischisis was 0.51 per 10,000 live births in...
Article
Edwards syndrome
Edwards syndrome, also known as trisomy 18, along with Down syndrome (trisomy 21) and Patau syndrome (trisomy 13), make up the only three autosomal trisomies to be compatible with extrauterine life in non-mosaic forms, albeit in the case of Edward syndrome only for a week or so.
Epidemiology
...
Case
Exencephaly
Published
06 May 2022
91% complete
Photo
Ultrasound
Article
Fetal conditions associated with maternal diabetes
There are numerous fetal congenital anomalies associated with maternal diabetes.
They include
cardiac: congenital cardiac anomalies
ventricular septal defect (VSD) 5
conotruncal anomalies
transposition of the great arteries (TGA)
truncus arteriosus
fetal congestive cardiac failure (witho...
Article
Fetal MRI
Fetal MRI allows for detailed imaging of the developing fetus in utero. Fast sequences are required due to fetal movement 1. Fetal MRI is most commonly utilized when ultrasound findings are equivocal. Fetal anatomy can be evaluated in detail including the brain, upper aerodigestive tract, thorax...
Case
Jarcho-Levin syndrome
Published
18 Jan 2018
91% complete
Ultrasound
X-ray
Article
Lemon sign
The lemon sign, noted on antenatal imaging, is one of the many notable fruit-inspired signs. It is a feature when there appears to be an indentation of the frontal bone (depicting that of a lemon). It is classically seen as a sign of a Chiari II malformation and also seen in the majority (90-98%...
Article
Myelomeningocele
Myelomeningocele, also known as spina bifida cystica, is a complex congenital spinal anomaly that results in spinal cord malformation (myelodysplasia).
Epidemiology
It is one of the commonest congenital CNS anomalies and thought to occur in approximately 1:500 of live births 5. There may be a...