115 results found
Article
11-13 week antenatal scan
11-13 week antenatal (nuchal translucency) scan is considered a routine investigation advised for fetal well-being as well as for early screening in pregnancy (see antenatal screening).
It includes multiple components and is highly dependent on the operator. Traditionally three factors are used...
Case
Acrania, exencephaly and spina bifida
Published
15 Jun 2017
75% complete
Ultrasound
Case
Acrania-exencephaly sequence
Published
23 Nov 2009
69% complete
Ultrasound
X-ray
Article
Aicardi syndrome
Aicardi syndrome is a rare severe developmental disorder. It results from an X-linked genetic defect that is fatal in males and therefore only manifests in females (except for rare 47, XXY cases).
Terminology
Aicardi syndrome is distinct from Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome although both are named ...
Article
Anencephaly
Anencephaly is the most severe form of cranial neural tube defect and is characterized by an absence of cortical tissue (although the brainstem and cerebellum may be variably present) as well as an absence of the cranial vault. The morphological spectrum within anencephaly ranges from holocrania...
Case
Anencephaly
Published
07 May 2022
79% complete
Ultrasound
Article
Anterior sacral meningocele
Anterior sacral meningocele is a congenital defect seen in the anterior aspect of the spine. It is defined as a meningeal cyst that occurs in the presacral space secondary to agenesis of a portion of the anterior sacrum.
Pathology
Associations
In approximately 50% of cases, associated malform...
Case
Arnold Chiari malformation type II
Published
12 Jun 2020
90% complete
MRI
Article
Banana sign (cerebellum)
The banana sign is one of the many notable fruit inspired signs.
This sign is seen on axial imaging through the posterior fossa of fetuses with associated conditions such as Chiari II malformation and/or spina bifida.
In Chiari II malformation, the banana sign describes the way the cerebellum...
Case
Bertolotti syndrome
Published
08 Feb 2024
94% complete
X-ray
Case
Bilateral clubfoot - congenital talipes equinovarus
Published
16 Aug 2023
82% complete
Ultrasound
Article
Butterfly vertebra
Butterfly vertebra, also sometimes known as a sagittal cleft vertebra or anterior rachischisis, is a type of vertebral anomaly that results from the failure of fusion of the lateral halves of the vertebral body because of persistent notochordal tissue between them.
Pathology
Butterfly vertebra...
Article
Cephalocele
Cephalocele refers to the outward herniation of CNS contents through a defect in the cranium. The vast majority are midline.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is 0.8-4:10,000 live births 13 with a well recognized geographical variation between types; however, this has been speculated to be ...
Case
Cervical ribs
Published
27 Jan 2022
76% complete
CT
Case
Charcot arthropathy of the knee
Published
28 Apr 2020
85% complete
X-ray
Article
Charcot joint
Charcot joint, also known as a neuropathic joint or Charcot (neuro/osteo)arthropathy, refers to a progressive degenerative/destructive joint disorder in patients with abnormal pain sensation and proprioception.
Epidemiology
In modern Western societies by far the most common cause of Charcot jo...
Article
Charcot joint causes (mnemonic)
The causes of a Charcot joint can be remembered, using a mnemonic - with a little poetic license - as they (all) start with the letter S.
Mnemonic
s: sugar (diabetes)
s: syphilis
s: steroid use
s: syringomyelia
s: spinal cord injury
s: spina bifida
s: scleroderma
s: scaly disease (lepro...
Article
Chiari II malformation
Chiari II malformations are relatively common congenital malformations of the spine and posterior fossa characterized by myelomeningocele (lumbosacral spina bifida aperta) and a small posterior fossa with descent of the brainstem, cerebellar tonsils, and vermis through the foramen magnum. Numero...
Case
Chiari II malformation
Published
19 Jan 2009
62% complete
MRI
Case
Chiari II malformation
Published
11 Dec 2011
86% complete
MRI
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.