Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
494 results found
Article
Skeletal survey (overview)
The skeletal survey is a radiographic series performed to survey the entire skeleton (axial skeleton, upper and lower limbs) for pathology or injury. Specific projections vary depending on the clinical indication and the institution's protocol.
There are various clinical indications that may wa...
Article
Orthopantomography
The orthopantomogram (also known as an orthopantomograph, pantomogram, OPG or OPT) is a panoramic single image radiograph of the mandible, maxilla and teeth. It is often encountered in dental practice and occasionally in the emergency department; providing a convenient, inexpensive and rapid way...
Article
Shoulder (supine lateral scapula view)
The supine lateral scapula view (anterior oblique AP) is a modified lateral shoulder projection often utilized in trauma imaging. Orthogonal to the AP shoulder (note so is an axillary view); It is a pertinent projection to assess suspected dislocations, scapula fractures and degenerative changes...
Article
Hair artifact
Hair artifact and hair-product artifacts are artifacts produced by the presence of the patient's hair, hair accessories (e.g. hair clip) and hair products (e.g. shampoo) within the field of view during acquisition of an image, which can affect all modalities to varying degrees. For example, in m...
Article
Excretory phase
The excretory phase also known as the urographic phase is a postcontrast injection time range in which there is an optimal enhancement of the renal collecting systems.
Technique
The acquisition time depends on the intravenous device (central or peripheral), the concentration of the contrast me...
Article
Yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan
Yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan, also known by the trade name Zevalin (Acrotech Biopharma LLC, USA), is a theranostic radiopharmaceutical approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory low grade or follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). More specifically, it is a radioimmunot...
Article
Colonic transit study
The colonic transit study is an older technique to estimate colonic transit time.
Terminology
Various names are used for this type of study including shapes study, colon motility test, Sitz marker study and Transit-Pelletsmethod, and variations thereof.
Indications
In constipation, it can ...
Article
Elbow (acute flexion AP)
The elbow acute flexion AP is a modified elbow AP projection for patients who cannot straighten their arm for examination. It is comprised of two views demonstrating the distal humerus and proximal forearm structures.
Indications
This is a modified projection (chosen by the radiographer when ...
Article
Wrist (horizontal beam lateral view)
The horizontal beam lateral wrist view is a modified lateral projection when performing the three view series of the wrist and carpal bones in trauma
Indications
This is not a requested view, rather an adaptation to a tricky situation. Most often this projection is conducted on patients who ar...
Article
Acute abdominal series
The acute abdominal series is a common set of abdominal radiographs obtained to evaluate bowel gas.
Indications
The acute series is used for a variety of indications including:
determine the amount of bowel gas, with possible bowel distention
assess air-fluid levels
query pneumoper...
Article
Calcaneus series
The calcaneus series is comprised of a lateral and axial (plantodorsal) projection. The calcaneus is the most commonly fractured tarsal bone accounting for ~60% of all tarsal fractures 1. This series provides a two view investigation of the calcaneus alongside the talar articulations and talocal...
Article
Harris ring
A Harris ring is a ring-like shadow observed at the base of the odontoid process on a lateral radiograph of the cervical spine. It is formed by the superimposition of the lateral masses of the C2 vertebra (axis) on its body.
Disruption of the Harris ring is seen in type III, and less commonly, ...
Article
Optimal exposure in digital radiography
General radiography has a direct relationship between optimal exposure and a diagnostic image.
Dynamic range
Traditionally, general radiography utilized film technology with a limited dynamic range, in which under or overexposed films either develop ‘too dark’ or ‘too light' 1. Put simply; dyn...
Article
Style guide and help
The Radiopaedia style guide is a set of guidelines to help contributors write content adhering to the highest possible academic standards as well as ensuring that contributions are in a consistent style.
general overview of Radiopaedia.org
what Radiopaedia.org IS
what Radiopaedia.org is NOT
...
Article
Tc-99m sestamibi
Tc-99m sestamibi (sestamibi is a shortening of sesta-methoxyisobutylisonitrile) is one of the technetium radiopharmaceuticals.
Characteristics
photon energy: 140 KeV
physical half-life: 6 hours
lipophilic cation
normal distribution: thyroid, parathyroid, heart (myocardium)
e...
Article
Pelvis (Judet view)
The oblique internal and external pelvis views otherwise known as the Judet view are additional projections to the pelvic series when there is suspicion of an acetabular fracture.
Indications
The Judet views are comprised of two projections.
First the iliac oblique for assessment of the ilioi...
Article
Glenoiditis
Glenoiditis or glenoid wear is the progressive erosion/wear of the native glenoid and is the most common complication of shoulder hemiarthroplasty. It may be caused by oversized humeral heads and insufficient joint release.
Epidemiology
Glenoiditis after shoulder hemiarthroplasty occurs in one...
Article
Knee (skyline Laurin view)
The knee skyline Laurin view is an inferior-superior projection of the patella. It is one of many different methods to obtain an axial projection of the patella.
Indication
This view is used in trauma to assess for a patellar fracture or subluxation and in orthopedics for patellofemoral joint ...
Article
Hand (oblique view)
The hand oblique view is part of a two view series metacarpals, phalanges, carpal bones and distal radial ulnar joint.
Indications
The oblique hand view is requested for diagnosing a variety of clinical indications such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, suspected fracture or dislocatio...
Article
V/Q scan
V/Q (ventilation/perfusion) scan is a scintigraphic examination of the lung that evaluates pulmonary vasculature perfusion and segmental bronchoalveolar tree ventilation.
Indications
diagnosis of suspected pulmonary embolism
monitor pulmonary function following lung transplant
pro...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.