Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,462 results found
Article
Parastomal hernia
Parastomal hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are defined as the protrusion of abdominal contents through an abdominal wall defect in the vicinity of the stoma.
Classification
The hernia may contain a loop of bowel forming the stoma itself, omentum, and/or intestinal loops other than that f...
Article
Ischemic colitis
Ischemic colitis refers to inflammation of the colon secondary to vascular insufficiency and ischemia. It is sometimes considered under the same spectrum as intestinal ischemia. The severity and consequences of the disease are highly variable.
Epidemiology
Ischemic bowel is typically a disease...
Article
Internal oblique muscle
The internal oblique muscle is one of the muscles that form the anterior abdominal wall. Inferiorly, it contributes towards the formation of the inguinal ligament.
Summary
origin: originates along the whole length of the lumbar fascia, from the anterior two-thirds of the intermediate line of t...
Article
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Congenital diaphragmatic herniation (CDH) accounts for a small proportion of all diaphragmatic herniae. However, it is one of the most common non-cardiac fetal intrathoracic anomalies.
Epidemiology
Congenital diaphragmatic hernias are seen in 1 of every 2000-4000 live births. 84% are left-side...
Article
Northern exposure sign (sigmoid volvulus)
The northern exposure sign has been described as a high specificity sign in sigmoid volvulus. On a supine abdominal radiograph, the apex of the sigmoid volvulus is seen above (cranial to) the transverse colon.
Article
Ascites
Ascites (hydroperitoneum is a rare synonym) is defined as an abnormal amount of intraperitoneal fluid.
Terminology
Ascites (plural is the same word) tends to be reserved for relatively sizable amounts of peritoneal fluid. The amount has not been defined formally. It is noted physiologically, h...
Article
Crohn disease
Crohn disease, also known as regional enteritis, is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by widespread discontinuous gastrointestinal tract inflammation. The terminal ileum and proximal colon are most often affected. Extraintestinal disease is common.
Epidemiology
The diagnos...
Article
Hirschsprung disease
Hirschsprung disease is the most common cause of neonatal colonic obstruction (15-20%). It is commonly characterized by a short segment of colonic aganglionosis affecting term neonates, especially boys.
Epidemiology
Hirschsprung disease affects approximately 1:5000-8000 live births. In short-...
Article
Gastrointestinal leiomyoma (overview)
Gastrointestinal leiomyomas are smooth muscle tumors without malignant potential that may develop in any part of the gastrointestinal system:
esophageal leiomyoma
gastric leiomyoma
small bowel leiomyoma
colonic leiomyoma
Article
Adrenal metastasis
Adrenal metastases are the most common malignant lesions involving the adrenal gland. Metastases are usually bilateral but may also be unilateral. Unilateral involvement is more prevalent on the left side (ratio of 1.5:1).
Epidemiology
They are present at autopsy in up to 27% of patients with ...
Article
Retroperitoneal hydatid infection
Retroperitoneal hydatid infection refers to the presence of hydatid cyst in the retroperitoneal region of the abdomen.
For a general discussion, and for links to other system specific manifestations, please refer to the article on hydatid disease.
Pathology
It is generally seen secondary to ...
Article
Lesser sac hernia
Lesser sac hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are a type of internal hernia, where abdominal contents protrude through the foramen of Winslow, hence they are also known as foramen of Winslow hernia.
Epidemiology
Lesser sac hernias are rare, accounting for <0.1% of abdominal hernias and 8% ...
Article
Primary cutaneous melanoma
Primary cutaneous melanoma is the most common subtype of melanoma, a malignant neoplasm that arises from melanocytes. Melanocytes predominantly occur in the basal layer of the epidermis but do occur elsewhere in the body. Primary cutaneous melanoma is by far the most common type of primary melan...
Article
Omphalomesenteric fistula
Omphalomesenteric fistula occurs as a result of failure of obliteration of the omphalomesenteric duct. It is one of the congenital fistulas of the gastrointestinal tract.
The treatment of choice is often a partial transumbilical resection with umbilical restitution.
See also
gut fistulation
Article
Colonic transit study
The colonic transit study is an older technique to estimate colonic transit time.
Terminology
Various names are used for this type of study including shapes study, colon motility test, Sitz marker study and Transit-Pelletsmethod, and variations thereof.
Indications
In constipation, it can ...
Article
Midgut volvulus
Midgut volvulus is a complication of bowel malrotation usually seen in neonates and infants. Presentation is usually with proximal small bowel obstruction and bilious vomiting. Without prompt treatment, there is a real and significant risk of small bowel ischemia, significant associated morbidit...
Article
Sessile
Sessile is a pathological term which is used for lesions that are attached by their base, that is they lack a stalk i.e. are not pedunculated. It is most commonly used for intraluminal polyps in the GI tract.
History and etymology
Sessile is derived from the Latin word "sessilis" which means s...
Article
Acute abdominal series
The acute abdominal series is a common set of abdominal radiographs obtained to evaluate bowel gas.
Indications
The acute series is used for a variety of indications including:
determine the amount of bowel gas, with possible bowel distention
assess air-fluid levels
query pneumoper...
Article
Fallopian (disambiguation)
The eponym fallopian may refer to:
fallopian canal (facial nerve canal)
fallopian tube (uterine duct)
fallopian ligament (inguinal ligament)
History and etymology
It is named after Gabriele Falloppio (also known by his Latin name Fallopius), Italian anatomist (1523-1562). Despite the eponym...
Article
Isthmus (disambiguation)
Isthmus (plural: isthmi) is an anatomical term and refers to a slender structure joining two larger components. Some of these uses of the word isthmus are now rarely used or only seen in older texts and articles:
isthmus (aorta)
isthmus (auditory tube)
isthmus (auricle of the ear)
isthmus (c...
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