Articles
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More than 200 results
Article
Accessory hepatic sulci
Accessory hepatic grooves (also known as accessory hepatic fissures or accessory hepatic sulci) are a common anatomic variant, with majority of accessory grooves occurring over the diaphragmatic surface of the liver 1,2.
Several hypotheses have been made regarding the process by which an access...
Article
Inferior hypophyseal arterial circle
The inferior hypophyseal arterial circle, also known as the inferior capsular arterial rete, is an anastomotic arterial network formed around the base of the pituitary gland by branches from three vessels, themselves branches off the cavernous portion of the carotid artery. They are:
inferior h...
Article
External carotid artery
The external carotid artery (ECA) is one of the two terminal branches of the common carotid artery that has many branches that supplies the structures of the neck, face and head. The other terminal branch is the internal carotid (ICA), which is somewhat larger than the ECA, which supplies the in...
Article
Pancreas
The pancreas (plural: pancreata) is an unpaired, mostly retroperitoneal organ that has endocrine and exocrine functions, with a role in glucose metabolism and digestion.
Gross anatomy
Location
The pancreas is located at approximately the L1-L2 vertebral level in the anterior pararenal space o...
Article
Subcoracoid bursa
The subcoracoid bursa is located anterior to subscapularis and beneath the coracoid process and extends caudal to the conjoined tendons of coracobrachialis and short head of biceps brachii. Fluid in the subcoracoid bursa does not normally communicate with the glenohumeral joint but may communica...
Article
Posterior proximal tibiofibular ligament
The posterior proximal tibiofibular ligaments form a part of the proximal tibiofibular joint capsule and belong to the supporting structures of the proximal tibiofibular joint.
Gross anatomy
The posterior proximal tibiofibular ligaments are thinner and less strong than the anterior proximal ti...
Article
Frontal nerve
The frontal nerve is the largest and main branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (V1).
Gross anatomy
The frontal nerve divides off the ophthalmic division superiorly just before entering the orbit through the superior orbital fissure outside and superolateral to the tendinou...
Article
Popliteomeniscal fascicles
The popliteomeniscal fascicles (PMF) are synovial ligamentous structures connecting the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to the popliteus tendon thus stabilizing the lateral meniscus. They form the popliteal hiatus and include the following:
anteroinferior popliteomeniscal fascicle
poste...
Article
Supraorbital nerve
The supraorbital nerve is the lateral and larger of the two branches of the frontal nerve, a branch of ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. As it courses through the superior aspect of the extraconal space of the orbit it exits the orbit through the supraorbital notch to supply the conju...
Article
Metatarsophalangeal joint
The metatarsophalangeal joints (MTPJ) are the articulations in the forefoot between the heads of the metatarsals and the proximal phalanges 1.
Gross anatomy
The metatarsophalangeal joint is formed by the articulation of the metatarsals with their adjacent proximal phalanges. They are condyloid...
Article
Bouthillier classification of internal carotid artery segments
Alain Bouthillier et al. described a seven segment internal carotid artery classification system in 1996 1. It remains the most widely used system for describing the internal carotid artery segments.
A helpful mnemonic for remembering ICA segments is:
C'mon Please Learn Carotid Clinical Organ...
Article
Gracile fasciculus
The gracile fasciculus, also known as the fasciculus gracilis (plural: fasciculi graciles) or column of Goll, represents the medial portion of the dorsal columns and carries input from below and including T7 1.
Function
The gracile fasciculus is responsible for transmitting vibration, consciou...
Article
Accessory peroneal muscles
Accessory peroneal muscles are a group of accessory muscles that can occur in the foot region as a normal variant in some individuals. The peroneal compartment is known as the lateral compartment of the leg.
Peroneus quartus muscle
Originally, several accessory muscles were distinguished in th...
Article
Transitional vertebra
A transitional vertebra is one that has indeterminate characteristics and features of vertebrae from adjacent vertebral segments. They occur at the junction between spinal morphological segments:
atlanto-occipital junction
atlanto-occipital assimilation: complete or partial fusion of C1 and th...
Article
Persistent dorsal ophthalmic artery
The persistent dorsal ophthalmic artery is a rare anatomical variant of the ophthalmic artery. Instead of arising from the supraclinoid (C6) segment of the internal carotid artery, as is normally the case, the persistent dorsal ophthalmic artery arises from the lateral aspect of the cavernous (C...
Article
Sacrospinous ligament
The sacrospinous ligament is a stabilizer of the sacroiliac joint and connects the bony pelvis to the vertebral column.
Gross anatomy
The sacrospinous ligament is a triangular-shaped structure with its base attached to the anterior sacrum (S2-S4) and coccyx, and its apex attached to the ischi...
Article
Central nervous system embryology
Central nervous system (CNS) embryology is complex, and below is a brief summary of its development.
The early CNS begins as a simple neural plate that folds to form a groove then tube, open initially at each end. Within the neural tube stem cells generate the two major classes of cells that m...
Article
Thoracoacromial artery
The thoracoacromial artery is a vessel arising from the axillary artery at the axilla.
Summary
origin: first branch of the second part of the axillary artery 1
location: axilla
supply: pectoralis major and minor, anterior part of the deltoid, and the clavipectoral fascia 2
main branches: cl...
Article
Accessory flexor digitorum longus muscle
The accessory flexor digitorum longus muscle is an accessory muscle in the deep posterior compartment of the leg with a reported prevalence of 6-8%. Unilateral muscles are more common although bilateral cases have been reported.
Summary
origin: variable; either the medial margin of the tibia a...
Article
Supraclavicular lymph nodes
The supraclavicular lymph nodes (often shortened to the supraclavicular nodes) are a paired group of lymph nodes located on each side in the hollow superior to the clavicle, close to the sternoclavicular joint. It is the final common pathway of the lymphatic system as it joins the central venous...
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