Articles
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More than 200 results
Article
WHO classification of tumors of the breast
The World Health Organizatiοn classification of tumors of the breast is the most widely used pathologic classification system for such disorders. The revision, part of the 4th edition of the WHO series, was published in 2012 and is reflected in the article below 1.
Classification
Epithelial tu...
Article
Modified Golan classification of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
The modified Golan classification of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, employing clinical findings and imaging appearances, is used to categorize ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) into the following three categories of severity with five grades 1,2:
mild OHSS: characterized by bilateral...
Article
Schenck classification of knee dislocation
The Schenck classification is categorizing knee dislocation based on the pattern of ligament tears. The four major ligamentous stabilizers are the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL) and the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) compl...
Article
Hypersensitivity reaction
Hypersensitivity reactions are the immunological response to both exogenous and endogenous antigens, and form the basis for many diseases.
Pathology
Classification
Using the Gell and Coombs' classification, there are four types of hypersensitivity reactions, each mediated by a different mech...
Article
Coronary Artery Calcium Data and Reporting System
Coronary Artery Calcium Data and Reporting System (CAC-DRS) is a structured reporting scheme for all non-contrast CT scans in the evaluation of coronary artery disease, which can help in communication between clinicians and radiologists. These guidelines have been recommended by the Society of C...
Article
Chrispin-Norman scoring system for cystic fibrosis
The Chrispin-Norman score is used to provide a summative assessment of structural lung changes in patients with cystic fibrosis on plain chest radiographs.
It is useful to monitor disease progression or treatment response and can be used to compare between different patients in research studies...
Article
Atzei classification of peripheral TFCC tears
The Atzei classification of peripheral triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tears offers a more differentiated approach on a spectrum of peripherally located triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tears, which are classically summarized as “Palmer 1b” lesions 1-3.
Usage
Peripheral lesion...
Article
Chandler classification of orbital infections
Chandler classification is the most commonly used system for dividing the different types of orbital cellulitis. The system describes five stages 1,2:
stage I: preseptal orbital cellulitis with inflammation and edema anterior to the orbital septum.
stage II: orbital cellulitis with extension o...
Article
American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification of periprosthetic hip fractures
The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification of periprosthetic hip fractures divides the femur into three separate regions:
level I: proximal femur distally to the lower extent of the lesser trochanter
level II: 10 cm of femur distal to level I
level III: femur distal to level...
Article
CT/MRI LI-RADS
CT/MRI Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) is an algorithm for diagnosing and staging hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (CT/MRI Diagnostic LI-RADS) or assessing the response of HCC to locoregional treatment (CT/MRI Treatment Response LI-RADS) using CT or MRI with extracellular contras...
Article
Ovarian cyst
Ovarian cysts are commonly encountered in gynecological imaging and vary widely in etiology from physiological to complex benign to neoplastic.
Pathology
Small cystic ovarian structures should be considered normal ovarian follicles unless the patient is pre-pubertal, post-menopausal, pregnant,...
Article
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (diagnostic criteria)
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, alternatively Takotsubo syndrome, is a primary acquired cardiomyopathy characterized by transient left ventricular dysfunction. Several sets of diagnostic criteria exist and are variably utile in various clinical and research settings.
International Takotsubo Diagnosti...
Article
Thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS)
Thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) refers to any of several risk stratification systems for thyroid lesions, usually based on ultrasound features, with a structure modelled off BI-RADS. The following article describes the initial iterations proposed by individual research groups...
Article
Classification system for malformations of cortical development
The classification system for malformations of cortical development organizes myriad conditions into one of three major underlying groups according to the main underlying mechanism:
group I: abnormal cell proliferation or apoptosis
group II: abnormal neuronal migration
group III: abnormal cor...
Article
Distal fibular fracture (basic)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Distal fibular fractures are the most common type at the ankle and are usually the result of an inversion injury with or without rotation. They are the extension of a lateral collateral ligament injury.
Epidemiology
Ankle...
Article
Allen and Ferguson classification of subaxial cervical spine injuries
Allen and Ferguson classification is used for research purposes to classify subaxial spine injuries and is based purely on the mechanism of injury and position of the neck during injury. This classification was proposed by Allen and Ferguson in 1982 1 and at the time of writing (February 2024)...
Article
Bolger classification of maxillary sinus hypoplasia
The Bolger classification of maxillary sinus hypoplasia proposed by Bolger et al. in 1990 1 takes into account associated anomalies of the uncinate process, which are of utmost importance for planning functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).
Maxillary sinus hypoplasia in itself is asymptomat...
Article
Ichikado CT scoring of acute respiratory distress syndrome
CT scoring systems have been proposed in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to predict clinical outcomes. This scoring system was established by Ichikado et al. in 2006 2 and at the time of writing (July 2016), this is the most widely used CT scoring system.
Classification...
Article
Bishop score
The Bishop score is a criterion for successful induction of labor, vaginal delivery and includes the age of gestation, parity, presenting part of the fetus, previous history of childbirths and consent of the patient. This score decides whether a patient needs cervical ripening or not 1,4.
Bisho...
Article
WHO histological classification of tumors of the uterine cervix
The WHO histological classification is a detailed classification of tumors of the uterine cervix.
epithelial tumors
squamous tumors and precursors
squamous cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified - 8070/3
keratinizing - 8071/3
non-keratinizing - 8072/3
basaloid - 8083/3
verrucous - 8051/3...
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