Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Inferior petrosal sinus
The inferior petrosal sinus is one of the dural venous sinuses. It is often a plexus of venous channels rather than a true sinus and drains blood from the cavernous sinus to the jugular bulb through the jugular foramen (pars nervosa) or sometimes via a vein which passes through the hypoglossal c...
Article
Granular cell tumor of the pituitary region
Granular cell tumors of the pituitary region, also known as pituitary choristomas, are rare low-grade tumors of the posterior pituitary and infundibulum.
Terminology
Care must be taken when reading older literature as granular cell tumors of the pituitary region, and alternative names includi...
Article
Spindle cell oncocytomas of the pituitary gland
Spindle cell oncocytomas of the pituitary gland, also referred to as adenohypophysis spindle cell oncocytomas, are rare, low-grade nonfunctional tumors commonly showing clinical and radiologic presentations mostly indistinguishable from the much more common non-secretory pituitary macroadenomas....
Article
Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis refers to an infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Coccidioides spp., usually localized to the lungs. This disease is not to be confused with the similarly named paracoccidioidomycosis.
Epidemiology
The most common species of Coccidioides are Coccidioides immitis and Cocc...
Article
Epithelioid glioblastoma
Epithelioid glioblastoma is a classic variant of glioblastoma (along with gliosarcoma and giant cell glioblastoma) recognized in the 2021 WHO classification of CNS tumors as a subtype 4.
Terminology
Whether or not epithelioid glioblastomas are distinct from rhabdoid glioblastomas is at presen...
Article
Lewy bodies
Lewy bodies are intracellular cytoplasmic inclusions which result from abnormal alpha-synuclein metabolism (thus diseases with Lewy bodies are synucleinopathies). They also contain other proteins (ubiquitin and alpha B crystallin), fatty acids, sphingomyelin, and polysaccharides 1,2.
Lewy bodi...
Article
Transsphenoidal basilar skull fracture
Transsphenoidal basilar skull fractures are a particularly serious type of basilar skull fracture usually occurring in the setting of severe traumatic brain injury and with potential for serious complications including damaging the internal carotid arteries and optic nerves as well as high incid...
Article
Tadpole sign
The tadpole sign, also known as the lollipop sign, refers to a characteristic morphology of post-traumatic bridging vein thrombosis with a rounded "head" and a tapering "tail". The finding demonstrates a high specificity for abusive head trauma, a sub-type of non-accidental injury, and should wa...
Article
Basilar fractures of the skull
Basilar fractures of the skull, also known as base of skull or skull base fractures, are a common form of skull fracture, particularly in the setting of severe traumatic head injury, and involve the base of the skull. They may occur in isolation or often in continuity with skull vault (calvarial...
Article
Inferior hypophyseal arterial circle
The inferior hypophyseal arterial circle, also known as the inferior capsular arterial rete, is an anastomotic arterial network formed around the base of the pituitary gland by branches from three vessels, themselves branches off the cavernous portion of the carotid artery. They are:
inferior h...
Article
Ancient schwannoma
Ancient schwannomas are long-standing, benign (WHO grade 1) slow growing schwannomas with advanced degeneration. The term “ancient” has been traditionally used to describe schwannomas showing degenerative changes and diffuse hypocellular ischemic areas 1-3,9.
Pathology
These tumors demonstrate...
Article
Flow-diverter stent
Flow-diverter stents are important devices in the management of intracranial aneurysms in both acute and elective settings, especially ones that are large, broad-necked, or fusiform.
Complications
Understanding the complication rates is important in obtaining informed consent from patients. In...
Article
Connatal cyst
Connatal cysts, also known as coarctation of the lateral ventricles or frontal horn cysts, are cystic areas adjacent to the superolateral margins of the body and frontal horns of the lateral ventricles and are believed to represent a normal variant.
Epidemiology
The incidence is <1% (range 0.4...
Article
Bouthillier classification of internal carotid artery segments
Alain Bouthillier et al. described a seven segment internal carotid artery classification system in 1996 1. It remains the most widely used system for describing the internal carotid artery segments.
A helpful mnemonic for remembering ICA segments is:
C'mon Please Learn Carotid Clinical Organ...
Article
Gracile fasciculus
The gracile fasciculus, also known as the fasciculus gracilis (plural: fasciculi graciles) or column of Goll, represents the medial portion of the dorsal columns and carries input from below and including T7 1.
Function
The gracile fasciculus is responsible for transmitting vibration, consciou...
Article
Calcified chronic subdural hematoma
Calcified chronic subdural hematomas are rare variants of chronic subdural hematomas.
Epidemiology
Calcified chronic subdural hematomas are uncommon, accounting for only 0.3-2.7% of chronic subdural hematomas 1-3. They are seen more commonly in children than in adults 1-3.
Clinical presentati...
Article
Saccular cerebral aneurysm
Saccular cerebral aneurysms, also known as berry aneurysms, are intracranial aneurysms with a characteristic rounded shape. They account for the vast majority of intracranial aneurysms and are the most common cause of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Terminology
Those larger than 25 mm i...
Article
Atypical neurofibromatous neoplasms of uncertain biologic potential (ANNUBP)
Atypical neurofibromas and atypical neurofibromatous neoplasms of uncertain biologic potential (collectively AN/ANNUBP) refer to neurofibromas with atypical histological features. They are considered premalignant with an increased risk of progressing to a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor....
Article
Diffuse cutaneous neurofibroma
Diffuse cutaneous neurofibromas are a rare subtype of neurofibroma similar to plexiform neurofibromas.
Terminology
There are variable uses and some confusion about the distinction between plexiform neurofibroma and diffuse cutaneous neurofibroma, with some sources not clearly distinguishing be...
Article
Rosai-Dorfman disease
Rosai-Dorfman disease, also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy or Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease, is a rare benign idiopathic proliferative disease that involves phagocytic histiocytes.
Epidemiology
The disease predominantly occurs in young adults with a mean age at pre...
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