Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis results from infection by the zoonotic Leptospira spp. The condition can have multiorgan manifestations. Commonly affected organs include:
lung: pulmonary leptospirosis
liver: hepatic leptospirosis
central nervous system: CNS leptospirosis
skeletal muscle: muscular leptospirosi...
Article
Vaping-associated lung disease
Vaping-associated lung disease, or EVALI (e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury), consists of patterns of inhalational pulmonary injury induced by electronic cigarettes (also known as e-cigarettes, e-vaporizers, e-hookahs, vapes, vape pens). These products heat up a liquid con...
Article
Anterior junction line
The anterior junction (or junctional) line is a feature of frontal chest radiographs and chest CTs. It is a result of the parietal and visceral pleura meeting anteromedially. It normally contains a small amount of fat in between but can form a stripe of variable thickness if there is a lot of fa...
Article
Diffuse tracheal narrowing
Conditions associated with diffuse tracheal narrowing or collapse include (in alphabetical order):
amyloidosis
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): saber sheath trachea
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
relapsing polychondritis
sarcoidosis
tracheobronchial tuberculosis 3
tracheoma...
Article
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis is a severe form of mediastinitis and refers to an acute, polymicrobial infection of the mediastinum that usually spreads downwards from oropharyngeal, cervical, and odontogenic infection.
Epidemiology
Associations
diabetes: more than one-third of patients...
Article
Pulmonary necrosis
Pulmonary necrosis is seen in a variety of conditions, including 1:
pulmonary infections
Klebsiella pneumoniae - Klebsiella pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae - pulmonary haemophilus influenzae infection
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - pulmonary pseudomonas aeruginosa infe...
Article
YEARS criteria for pulmonary embolism
The YEARS criteria is a diagnostic algorithm that determines the risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) derived from three items in the Wells score that are most predictive of PE 1. Unlike the Wells score, it uses a variable D-dimer threshold based off clinical pre-test probability. The YEARS criteria ...
Article
Cystic lung lesions (pediatric)
Cystic lesions in pediatric patients are usually congenital lesions and, as such, can be seen antenatally and following delivery.
Pathology
Etiology
Congenital
These congenital lesions are predominantly covered by the overarching diagnosis of bronchopulmonary foregut malformation. This is a ...
Article
Anterior mediastinal germ cell tumors
Germ cell tumors are one of the causes of an anterior mediastinal mass, and any of the germ cell histologies may be identified. They can therefore be divided histologically into:
mediastinal seminoma
non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT)
embryonal carcinoma
choriocarcinoma
yolk sac tumo...
Article
Pulmonary sequestration (intralobar)
Intralobar pulmonary sequestration (ILS) is a subtype of pulmonary sequestration.
Clinical presentation
Patients usually present before the third decade with recurrent infection.
Pathology
It is the commoner type of pulmonary sequestration (four times commoner than extralobar sequestration)...
Article
Lung parenchyma
Lung parenchyma is the portion of the lung involved in gas transfer, predominantly the alveoli.1,2 Other authors may include interstitial tissues in the definition of lung parenchyma.3
Related pathology
parenchymal lung disease
See also
parenchyma
Article
Esophageal leiomyomatosis
Esophageal leiomyomatosis is rare benign condition.
Epidemiology
It usually presents at childhood. There is a recognized increased female predilection.
Pathology
It is considered a hamartomatous condition and is associated with abnormal diffuse proliferation of smooth muscle fibers in distal...
Article
Eloesser flap
Eloesser flap is a single-stage procedure for the treatment of severe pleural empyema, and involves a U-shaped incision and the resection of a number of subjacent posterolateral ribs. The U-shaped flap is then folded into the pleural space creating a permanent communication.
Unlike the Clagett...
Article
Acute lung transplant rejection
Acute lung transplant rejection is one of the early post lung transplant complications.
Epidemiology
It can occur as several episodes and the first episode may occur early as 5 days after transplantation. The incidence is thought to peak at approximately 2 months post-transplantation (with sev...
Article
Mosaic attenuation pattern in lung
Mosaic attenuation is a descriptive term used in describing a patchwork of regions of differing pulmonary attenuation on CT imaging. It is a non-specific finding, although is associated with the following:
obstructive small airways disease: low attenuation regions are abnormal and reflect two p...
Article
CT chest non-contrast (protocol)
The CT chest (non-contrast) protocol serves as an outline for the acquisition of a chest CT without the use of an intravenous contrast medium.
Note: This article aims to frame a general concept of a CT protocol for the assessment of the chest. Protocol specifics will vary depending on CT scanne...
Article
Right middle lobe
The right middle lobe (RML) or simply the middle lobe is one of three lobes in the right lung. It is separated from the right upper lobe above by the horizontal fissure and the right lower lobe below by the right oblique fissure and is subdivided into two bronchopulmonary segments.
Gross anatom...
Article
Osteophyte-induced adjacent pulmonary atelectasis and fibrosis
Osteophyte-induced adjacent pulmonary atelectasis and fibrosis are typically seen as focal pulmonary interstitial opacities adjacent to thoracic spinal osteophytes. They are a relatively common finding in thoracic CT imaging.
Epidemiology
They are more common in older individuals.
Pathology
...
Article
Fleischner sign (enlarged pulmonary artery)
The Fleischner sign refers to a prominent central pulmonary artery that can be commonly caused either by pulmonary hypertension or by distension of the vessel by a large pulmonary embolus. It can be seen on chest radiographs, CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA), and MR pulmonary angiography (MRPA).
...
Article
Upper lobe fibrocavitary pattern of mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease
Upper lobe fibrocavitary pattern of mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease is morphological from pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection although it is worthwhile understanding that there can be a spectrum of the disease with mixed forms.
This form had been initially the traditi...
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