Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Inferior rectal artery
The inferior rectal artery arises from the internal pudendal artery and supplies the lower anal canal including the external anal sphincter.
Summary
origin: from internal pudendal artery, just after it enters the pudendal canal
course: runs anteromedially through the ischioanal fossa to reach...
Article
Celiacomesenteric trunk
The celiacomesenteric trunk (CMT) represents an uncommon vascular anatomical variant where both the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) have a common origin from the abdominal aorta as a single trunk. Its frequency has been reported to occur in about 1.5% of the population 1,2....
Article
Properitoneal fat
The properitoneal fat, also known as the preperitoneal space, is a fat-containing space in the abdomen.
Posteriorly it lies deep to the transversalis fascia and fills the posterior pararenal space. Laterally it thickens and forms the properitoneal fat pad, which is the anterior extension of pos...
Article
Primary serous papillary carcinoma of the peritoneum
A primary serous papillary carcinoma of the peritoneum (PSPCP) is an extremely rare primary peritoneal tumor.
Epidemiology
They usually present in postmenopausal women.
Clinical presentation
Patients tend to present with non-specific complaints such as abdominal pain, anorexia, and abdominal...
Article
Apple-peel intestinal atresia
Apple-peel intestinal atresia, also known as type IIIb or Christmas tree intestinal atresia, is a rare form of small bowel atresia in which the duodenum or proximal jejunum ends in a blind pouch and the distal small bowel wraps around its vascular supply in a spiral resembling an apple peel. Oft...
Article
Pathology in general surgery (summary)
Pathology in general surgery is predominantly intra-abdominal and the core set of conditions listed below is a starting point for final-year medical students:
bowel perforation
acute pancreatitis
appendicitis
acute cholecystitis
diverticulitis
intestinal ischemia
colorectal carcinoma
aor...
Article
Jejunoileal bypass
Jejunoileal bypass is an older form of bariatric surgery that was developed to be an improvement on jejunocolic bypass. It is no longer performed due to severe side effects.
For this bypass, the proximal small bowel (jejunum) is divided ~35 cm past the ligament of Treitz, and the proximal end i...
Article
Inferior thoracic aperture
The inferior thoracic aperture connects the thorax with the abdomen.
Gross anatomy
The inferior thoracic aperture is irregular in shape and is more oblique and much larger than the superior thoracic aperture. The diaphragm occupies and closes the inferior thoracic aperture, thereby separating ...
Article
Kaposi sarcoma
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a low-to-intermediate grade mesenchymal tumor that involves the lymphovascular system. The tumor can involve the pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous and musculoskeletal systems. Although it is often thought of as an AIDS-related condition, it may also be seen in other p...
Article
Transpyloric plane
The transpyloric plane, also known as Addison's plane, is an imaginary axial plane located midway between the jugular notch and superior border of pubic symphysis, at approximately the level of L1 vertebral body. It an important landmark as many key structures are visualized at this level, altho...
Article
Medial inguinal fossa
The medial inguinal fossae are concave depressions of peritoneum in the paravesical space bounded by the medial umbilical folds and the lateral umbilical folds. The fossae are contained within the inguinal (Hesselbach’s) triangle. The right medial inguinal fossa typically partially contains the ...
Article
Gastric outlet obstruction
Gastric outlet obstruction, also known as pyloric obstruction, occurs when a disease or condition blocks the normal emptying of the stomach.
Pathology
Etiology
Gastric outlet obstruction can be due to malignant or benign causes.
Malignant
adenocarcinoma (second most common 4)
GIST
lymphom...
Article
Gastrocolic fistula
A gastrocolic fistula (plural: fistulas/fistulae), also known as cologastric fistula, is a rare form of gut fistulisation between the stomach and the colon.
Terminology
Gastrocolic fistula, is much more common in the literature than its synonym cologastric fistula, which is in line with the co...
Article
Bochdalek hernia
Bochdalek hernia, also known as pleuroperitoneal hernia, is the most common type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and is located posterolaterally. Large hernias are symptomatic in neonates due to impairment of lung development. Small asymptomatic hernias are typically an incidental CT finding ...
Article
Subhepatic appendicitis
Subhepatic appendicitis refers to inflammation of the appendix in which the appendix and cecum have failed to descend inferiorly during normal development; resulting in a "subhepatic" position.
Epidemiology
Presentation of an inflamed subhepatic appendix is exceedingly uncommon, representing o...
Article
Malone antegrade continence enema procedure
A Malone antegrade continence enema is a surgical procedure where the vermiform appendix or ‘neoappendix’ is used to create a small stoma at the abdominal wall allowing antegrade enemas to be administered to empty the colon and rectum. This procedure is particularly important in children and ado...
Article
Enteritis
Enteritis (plural: enteritides) refers to inflammation of the small bowel. When associated with inflammation of the stomach, the term gastroenteritis is used which is usually caused by infection.
Pathology
Etiology
infection
infective enteritis
eosinophilic enteritis
ischemia
inflammatory...
Article
Scaphoid abdomen
Scaphoid abdomen is the term given to an inward concavity of the anterior abdominal wall. It is used both for the clinical appearance and its radiological equivalent.
In children it maybe a sign of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. In both adult and pediatric patients, it raises the possibility...
Article
Abdominal distension (mnemonic)
A mnemonic for causes of abdominal distension (6 Fs) is:
F: fat
F: fluid
F: flatus
F: feces
F: fetus
F: fulminant mass
Article
Fecolith
A fecolith, also known as a coprolith or stercolith, is a stony mass of compacted feces. They are most common in the descending and sigmoid colon, but may also form in the small bowel or appendix 1,2.
Clinical presentation
Fecoliths differ in their presentation based on size and location and m...
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