Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Papillary serous carcinoma of the cervix
A papillary serous carcinoma of the cervix (PSCC) is an uncommon histological type of cervical cancer. It is considered a sub type of adenocarcinoma of the cervix.
Epidemiology
Accodring to some studies, there was a bimodal age distribution, with one peak occurring before the age of 40 years ...
Article
Adenosquamous carcinoma (cervix)
Adenosquamous cell carcinoma (ASC) of the cervix is a rare histological subtype of cervical carcinoma.
Pathology
It has components of both cervical adenocarcinoma and cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
Prognosis
An adenosquamous histology appears to be an independent predictor of poor outcome...
Article
Paraovarian cystadenoma
Paraovarian cystadenoma is a usually benign adnexal tumor that does not arise from the ovary. There is an association with Von Hippel Lindau syndrome.
Radiographic features
Pelvic ultrasound
typically seen as a unilateral cystic adnexal lesion
may be a simple cyst, or contain solid nodular a...
Article
Ovarian carcinoid tumors
Ovarian carcinoid tumors are very rare sub type of ovarian tumor. They are usually classified under ovarian germ cell tumors (monodermal teratoma 5). The term carcinoid tumor of the ovary can be used to described primary ovarian carcinoid tumors or metastatic carcinoid tumors to the ovary. The f...
Article
Macroglossia
Macroglossia means an enlarged tongue. It may be absolute (greater than the 95th centile) or relative (enlarged compared with oral cavity).
Pathology
Associations
Recognized associations include:
chromosomal anomalies
Down syndrome
tends to be a relative macroglossia
may also have intermi...
Article
Ampulla (disambiguation)
Ampulla (plural: ampullae) is an anatomical term used for tubular structures with a short segmental bulbous dilatation:
ampulla (fallopian tube)
ampulla (lacrimal system)
ampulla (esophagus): a.k.a. phrenic ampulla
ampulla (rectum)
ampulla (semicircular ducts)
ampulla (spleen)
ampulla of ...
Article
Subseptate uterus
A subseptate uterus is a mild form congenital uterine anomaly (often considered as a normal variant) where there is a presence of a partial septum within the uterus not extending to the cervix and with the central point of the septum at an acute (<90°) angle. The external uterine contour is unif...
Article
Periurethral cystic lesions
There are several periurethral cystic lesions. These include:
female genitourinary tract:
vaginal cysts
Mullerian cyst
Gartner duct cyst
epidermal inclusion cyst of the vagina
Skene duct cyst
Bartholin gland cyst
endometrial cyst of perineal-vulval-vaginal region
male genitourinary trac...
Article
Fryns syndrome
Fryns syndrome (FS) is a rare congenital disorder which can have significant phenotypic variability but is primarily characterized by cranio-facial anomalies, diarphagmatic defects and distal limb anomalies.
Epidemiology
Incidence is estimated at 1:15,000 live births.
Clinical presentation
T...
Article
Ovarian lesions with T2 hypointensity
A hypointense ovarian lesion on T2 weighted MRI is usually a sign of benignity. The low signal is considered to be due to fibrosis and blood products 1.
Lesions that can give this appearance include 1:
endometrioma
Brenner tumor
ovarian fibroma
ovarian fibrothecoma
ovarian cystadenofibrom...
Article
Submucosal leiomyoma in the exam
Getting a film with submucosal fibroid in the exam is one of the many exam set-pieces that can be prepared for.
Description
Transabdominal and transvaginal pelvic ultrasound scans show an anteverted uterus with endometrium that is 7 mm wide and has a trilaminar appearance indicative of the pe...
Article
Placental abruption in the exam
Getting a film with placental abruption (premature separation of placenta from uterus) in the exam is one of the many exam set-pieces that can be prepared for.
Description
Transabdominal and transvaginal pelvic ultrasound show a single live fetus with gestational age of 27 weeks. The cervix i...
Article
Polycystic ovarian syndrome in the exam
Getting a film with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in a subfertile patient is one of the many exam set-pieces that can be prepared for.
Description
Transabdominal and transvaginal pelvic ultrasound shows an anteverted uterus with a normal size. There is diffuse thickening of the endometri...
Article
Deep perineal pouch
The deep perineal pouch is an anatomic space superior (deep) to the perineal membrane in the urogenital triangle of the perineum, anterior to the transverse line between the ischial tuberosities.
Gross anatomy
The deep perineal pouch is above (deep to) the perineal membrane in the urogenital t...
Article
Canal of Nuck
The canal of Nuck is an abnormal patent pouch of parietal peritoneum extending anteriorly from the round ligament of the uterus into the labia majora through the inguinal ring into the inguinal canal. Incomplete obliteration of this canal is known as a patent processus vaginalis and can result i...
Article
Ovarian choriocarcinoma
Ovarian choriocarcinoma is a rare sub type of ovarian germ cell tumor.
Epidemiology
They account for less than 1% of ovarian tumors.
Clinical presentation
In pre-menarchal patients, the tumors manifest with iso-sexual precocity (approximately 50% of cases) and other symptoms associated with...
Article
Heterogeneous myometrial echotexture
A heterogeneous myometrial echotexture on ultrasound is usually a non-specific finding, although it has been described with uterine adenomyosis.
Article
Hymen
The hymen (plural: hymens) is a thin fold of mucous membrane which extends across the vaginal opening, usually with some form of internal defect, which permits the free passage of normal menses.
It usually ruptures during coitus with the remnants, usually in the form of small tags of tissue ar...
Article
Endometrial reflectivity (ultrasound grading)
Endometrial reflectivity grading on ultrasound is a system initially proposed by Smith et al. in 1984 which classifies the endometrium into four types according to the echotexture pattern. They are considered to be useful in deciding on receptivity in in-vitro fertilisation (IVF).
The Smith sys...
Article
Cervical length
In obstetric and gynecological imaging, the cervical length is defined as the distance between the internal cervical os and the external cervical os.
Radiographic assessment
Ultrasound
the cervical length is most accurately assessed on a transvaginal scan with an empty bladder
in a normal gr...
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