Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Light bulb sign (hepatic hemangioma)
The light bulb sign of a hepatic hemangioma is a feature than can be seen on MRI imaging with a classic hepatic hemangioma. This refers to marked hyperintensity seen on heavily T2 weighted sequences that has been likened to a glowing light bulb.
See also
light bulb sign - shoulder
light bulb ...
Article
Dorsal pancreatic artery
The dorsal pancreatic artery is a branch of the splenic artery that supplies the pancreas. It arises from the proximal splenic artery and descends a short distance to run along the posterior margin of the pancreas where it divides in to left and right branches.
the right branches pass either an...
Article
Ischemic type biliary lesions
Ischemic type biliary lesions (ITBL) is a term used to describe non-anastomotic intra- or extrahepatic bile duct strictures after primarily successful liver transplantation, when there is no evidence of perfusion restriction or other cause of bile duct damage (i.e organ rejection or recurrence o...
Article
Porta hepatis
The porta hepatis, also known as the transverse hepatic fissure, is a deep fissure in the inferior surface of the liver through which all the neurovascular structures (except hepatic veins) and also hepatic ducts enter or leave the liver 1. It runs in the hepatoduodenal ligament and contains:
c...
Article
Ampulla (disambiguation)
Ampulla (plural: ampullae) is an anatomical term used for tubular structures with a short segmental bulbous dilatation:
ampulla (fallopian tube)
ampulla (lacrimal system)
ampulla (esophagus): a.k.a. phrenic ampulla
ampulla (rectum)
ampulla (semicircular ducts)
ampulla (spleen)
ampulla of ...
Article
Paraumbilical veins
The paraumbilical veins are small veins around the falciform ligament that drain venous blood from the anterior part of the abdominal wall and diaphragm directly into the liver and communicate with other anterior abdominal wall veins 1,2.
Gross anatomy
The superior vein of Sappey drains the u...
Article
Cholecystocolonic fistula
Cholecystocolonic fistulas are most commonly a rare late complication of gallstone disease, resulting from an abnormal communication between the gallbladder and the colon. It is the second most common cholecystoenteric fistula after cholecystoduodenal fistulas 1.
Clinical presentation
These m...
Article
Cirrhosis (pulmonary manifestations)
There are several pulmonary complications that can arise in the setting of cirrhosis:
hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS): considered the commonest
portopulmonary hypertension (POPH)
hepatic hydrothorax (HH)
intrathoracic portosystemic collateral vessel formation
acute respiratory distress syndr...
Article
Portopulmonary hypertension
Portopulmonary hypertension (POPH/PPHTN) refers to pulmonary artery hypertension that develops in the setting of portal hypertension (with or without underlying liver disease). It falls under group 1.4 of the Dana point 2008 pulmonary hypertension classification system.
Epidemiology
The preval...
Article
Couinaud classification of hepatic segments
The Couinaud classification (French eponym: pronounced kwee-NO) is the most widely used system to describe functional liver anatomy. It is the preferred anatomy classification system as it divides the liver into eight independent functional units (termed segments) rather than relying on the trad...
Article
Hepatobiliary MRI contrast agents
Hepatobiliary MRI contrast agents are specialized contrast agents used to aid diagnosis in MRI.
They are separated into three categories: gadolinium-based agents, manganese-based agents and superparamagnetic iron oxide particles.
Gadolinium-based agents
Gadolinium (Gd) based contrast agents ...
Article
Lamellated
The term lamellated (or laminated which means the same thing) is a radiopathological term used to describe the layered appearance of many calculi, including those of the renal tract, the salivary glands, and the biliary tree. The internal structure of these calculi has been likened to that of an...
Article
Solid and hollow abdominal viscera
The solid abdominal viscera (singular: viscus) is a collective term for those internal organs of the upper abdomen that are primarily solid in nature, namely the liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenals, and kidneys. It is used in contradistinction to the hollow abdominal viscera, which includes, the s...
Article
Hepatic lymphangioma
Hepatic lymphangiomas are a rare benign condition that corresponds to focally dilated lymphatic channels in the liver.
For a general discussion on this topic, please refer to the parental article on lymphatic malformations.
Clinical presentation
Most cases are asymptomatic.
Pathology
A ly...
Article
Pneumobilia vs portal venous gas (mnemonic)
Pneumobilia and portal venous gas are two causes of an intrahepatic branching gas pattern. The two have different causes and implications and need to be distinguished on imaging, and a simple mnemonic can help.
Mnemonic
A simple mnemonic for remembering the difference in appearance is:
portal...
Article
Scleroderma (hepatobiliary manifestations)
Hepatobiliary manifestations of scleroderma are only present symptomatically in a minority of patients. Around 2.5% of patients with scleroderma develop clinically significant primary biliary cholangitis, however, antibody studies suggest that subclinical disease may be present in as many as 15%...
Article
Denver shunt
A Denver shunt, or peritoneovenous shunt, is a device used to shunt ascites to the superior vena cava in patients with refractory ascites.
The proximal end is located in the peritoneal cavity and the distal end in the superior vena cava, with a subcutaneous course in the anterior chest wall. It...
Article
Deer horn sign
The deer horn sign is a reliable sign and an important diagnostic clue of passive congestive hepatopathy due to heart failure on ultrasonography 1. In the deer horn sign, the head is formed by a dilated inferior cava, and the engorged hepatic veins resemble horns. It has also been described as t...
Article
Metastatic glioblastoma
Metastatic glioblastoma is a rare progression of glioblastoma, with an incidence of 0.4-0.5% of all glioblastoma cases. The locations can be extraneural, such as leptomeninges and dural venous sinuses, or both extraneural and extracranial, such as solid organs and lymph nodes.
Epidemiology
In ...
Article
Cirrhosis (musculoskeletal manifestations)
There are several musculoskeletal complications that can arise in the setting of cirrhosis 1:
stigmata of portal hypertension, mainly abdominal wall varices
hemorrhagic complications due to coagulopathy:
spontaneous rectus hematoma
postparacentesis abdominal wall bleeding
infective complica...
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