Search results for “also”
8,601 results found
Article
Urolithiasis
Urolithiasis refers to the presence of calculi anywhere along the course of the urinary tracts. For the purpose of the article, the terms urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis, and renal/kidney stones are used interchangeably, although some authors have slightly varying definitions of each.
See main a...
Article
Neurosarcoidosis
Central nervous system involvement by sarcoidosis, also termed neurosarcoidosis, is relatively common among patients with systemic sarcoidosis and has a bewildering variety of manifestations, often making diagnosis difficult.
For a general discussion of the underlying condition, please refer t...
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (CNS manifestations)
Central nervous system manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (CNS lupus), also known as neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE), describe a very diverse range of neuropsychiatric manifestations that are secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the central nervous...
Article
Gastrointestinal MRI contrast agents
Gastrointestinal MRI contrast agents may be helpful in certain clinical scenarios in distinguishing bowel from intra-abdominal masses and normal organs. The contrast agents can be divided into positive agents (appearing bright on MRI) or negative agents (appearing dark on MRI).
Positive contras...
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Spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Intracranial hypotension, also known as craniospinal hypotension is a clinical entity that results from a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak that almost without exception occurs from the spine, either into the epidural space or directly into veins in the setting of CSF-venous fistulas. It usually, b...
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Meckel diverticulitis
Meckel diverticulitis is the inflammation of a Meckel diverticulum, which is the most common congenital structural abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract 3. Despite this, it is an uncommon cause of acute abdomen and is often not correctly diagnosed pre-operatively.
This article focuses on M...
Article
Multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma, is a multifocal proliferation of plasma cells based in the bone marrow. It is the most common primary malignant bone neoplasm in adults. It arises from red marrow due to the monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells and manifests in a wide...
Article
Grids
Grids are placed between the patient and the x-ray film to reduce the scattered radiation reaching the detector (produced mainly by the Compton effect) and thus improve image contrast.
They are made of parallel strips of high attenuating material such as lead with an interspace filled with low ...
Article
Meningioma
Meningiomas are extra-axial tumors and represent the most common tumor of the meninges. They are a non-glial neoplasm that originates from the meningocytes or arachnoid cap cells of the meninges and are located anywhere that meninges are found, and in some places where only rest cells are presum...
Article
Dermal filler injections
The injection of dermal fillers refers to the injection of biological or synthetic substances into compartments of the skin to achieve a desirable cosmetic outcome either to restore volume loss or to remove wrinkles or both. They can lead to complications, which might require imaging. Furthermor...
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Nipah virus encephalitis
Nipah virus encephalitis (NiV encephalitis) is a zoonotic illness caused by the Nipah virus resulting in a severe and often fatal encephalitis.
Epidemiology
As the virus is thought to be spread from pigs to humans, pig farmers and abattoir workers are at the highest risk of exposure 2. Several...
Article
Ischemic stroke
Ischemic stroke is an episode of neurological dysfunction due to focal infarction in the central nervous system attributed to arterial thrombosis, embolization, or critical hypoperfusion. While ischemic stroke is formally defined to include brain, spinal cord, and retinal infarcts 1, in common u...
Article
Ventriculitis
Ventriculitis (plural: ventriculitides) refers to inflammation, usually due to infection, of the ependymal lining of the cerebral ventricles. It is most often due to meningitis.
Terminology
The entity or closely related variants have also been variously referred to as ependymitis, ventricular ...
Article
Urinary bladder hernia
Herniation of the urinary bladder is a relatively uncommon but not a rare condition. It occurs when the urinary bladder or ureter herniates into the inguinal canal, scrotal sac or femoral canal. Herniations through ischiorectal, obturator, or abdominal wall openings have also been described. Bla...
Article
Pneumoperitoneum
Pneumoperitoneum (aeroperitoneum is a rare synonym 12) describes gas within the peritoneal cavity, often due to critical illness. There are numerous causes and several mimics.
Pathology
The most common cause of pneumoperitoneum is the disruption of the wall of a hollow viscus. In children, the...
Article
Neurocandidiasis
Neurocandidiasis results from disseminated infection of the central nervous system by the fungus Candida albicans, usually manifesting as cerebral microabscesses and meningitis.
Epidemiology
CNS disease is thought to occur in up to 52% of patients with disseminated candidiasis, but predominate...
Article
Radiology for students (curriculum)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Our medical student radiology curriculum provides links to investigations and core pathology that medical students will encounter in their training as well as pathologies that are expected to be diagnosed on initial imaging...
Article
Acute appendicitis
Acute appendicitis is an acute inflammation of the vermiform appendix. It is a very common condition in general radiology practice and is one of the main reasons for abdominal surgery in young patients. CT is the most sensitive modality to detect appendicitis.
Terminology
Acute appendicitis (p...
Article
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is a syndrome with signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure but where a causative mass or hydrocephalus is not identified.
Terminology
The older term benign intracranial hypertension is generally frowne...
Article
Syphilis
Syphilis is the result of infection with the gram-negative spirochete Treponema pallidum, subspecies pallidum. It results in a heterogeneous spectrum of disease with many systems that can potentially be involved, which are discussed separately.
Epidemiology
Despite the discovery of penicillin...
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