Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
CT cisternography
Computed tomography (CT) cisternography is a minimally-invasive imaging technique used to visualize the intracranial CSF cisterns using iodinated contrast medium injected into the subarachnoid space.
Indications
detect and localize active CSF leaks through the skull base (CSF rhinorrhea or CSF...
Article
Arthrogram (anesthetic)
An arthrogram injection is a procedure in which a solution is administered into a joint under imaging guidance. These procedures are more accurately named direct arthrogram injections, although they are routinely known as arthrograms. Fluoroscopy, ultrasound, and CT can be used for image guidanc...
Article
Sternoclavicular joint injection (technique)
Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) injections under image guidance ensure precise delivery of an injectate into the joint and, importantly, that the needle is under direct visualization.
Indications
pain
arthropathy, e.g. osteoarthritis
diagnostic injection
Contraindications
Absolute
anaphylaxi...
Article
Metallic ureteric stent
Metallic ureteric stents are a type of ureteric stent developed to offer improved symptomatic relief of obstruction when compared to polymeric (polyurethane) stents. They are often used in patients with chronic malignant ureteric obstructions who require placement of long-term ureteral stents to...
Article
Epidural blood patch
Epidural blood patches are a treatment option for patients with craniospinal hypotension or post-dural puncture headaches in which small volumes of autologous blood are injected into a patient's epidural space to stop cerebrospinal fluid leak. The procedure can be done blind or under imaging (fl...
Article
Hip joint injection (technique)
Hip joint injections can be performed with a variety of image guidance, including fluoroscopy and ultrasound, which are used to administer MRI arthrogram injectate, or a steroid containing anesthetic arthrogram injectate.
Indications
MRI: labral injury
anesthetic
pain/arthropathy, e.g. ost...
Article
Persistent primitive olfactory artery
A persistent primitive olfactory artery (PPOA) is a rare variant of the proximal anterior cerebral artery 1,2. It is proposed to be more prone to aneurysms due to its sharp hairpin-like turn. Embryologically, the persistent primitive olfactory artery is the rostral division of the primitive inte...
Article
Thermoprotection techniques
Thermoprotection techniques are used to prevent thermal injury for non-target tissue, during thermal ablations (microwave, radiofrequency, or cryoablation), and some of them can be used to create free access for percutaneous procedures that would otherwise be blocked by non-target organs.
Disse...
Article
Groshong catheter
Groshong catheters are a type of central venous catheter, which are placed under direct fluoroscopic visualization in an angiography suite. They can be tunneled or non-tunneled and are similar to a Hickman catheter, with the main difference being that Groshong catheters have a three-way valve at...
Article
Right atrial line
The right atrial (RA) line monitors RA pressure and is indicative of right ventricular function, preload and afterload. The RA line enters the right atrium through the right atrial appendage, and always exits the right side of the chest medial to the left atrial line. It is typically a double lu...
Article
Renal sympathetic denervation
Renal sympathetic denervation (RSDN), also known as renal denervation, is an interventional procedure that uses radiofrequency ablation to destroy the nerve endings in the wall of the renal arteries. Endovascular (trans-catheter) techniques are an alternative to surgical sympathectomy.
Indicat...
Article
Symphyseal cleft injection
Symphyseal cleft injections (symphysography) are performed as both diagnostic and therapeutic measures for patients with (suspected) osteitis pubis, usually under CT or fluoroscopy.
Indications
suspected or confirmed osteitis pubis
Contraindications
factors to be considered as per any muscu...
Article
Remasking
Remasking is a post-processing technique used to improve misregistration artifact in digital subtraction angiography (DSA), where a frame taken after patient motion is selected as the new mask image for subtraction.
In digital subtraction angiography, misregistration (improper image registratio...
Article
Percutaneous cholecystostomy
Percutaneous cholecystostomy is the image-guided placement of a drainage catheter into the gallbladder lumen. This minimally invasive procedure can aid in patient stabilization in order to enable a more measured surgical approach with time for therapeutic planning.
A 2018 study demonstrated no ...
Article
Radioembolization
Radioembolization is the delivery of radioactive microspheres to cancers using an endovascular approach. It is often performed as an outpatient procedure.
Indications
hepatocellular carcinoma 2
hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma
Contraindications
Absolute contraindications
exces...
Article
Sacroiliac joint injection
Sacroiliac joint injections can be performed using a posterior approach into the sacroiliac (SI) joint under fluoroscopic or CT guidance. It is often performed bilaterally.
Indications
diagnostic: relief of pain after injection of local anesthetic
therapeutic: to relieve pain from degenerativ...
Article
Superficial cervical plexus nerve block (ultrasound)
The superficial cervical plexus nerve block is a field block indicated for procedures involving, and anesthesia of, the anterolateral neck and the skin overlying the clavicle. The superficial cervical plexus (SCP) includes the greater auricular, lesser occipital, transverse cervical, and supracl...
Article
MRI targeted prostate biopsy
MRI targeted prostate biopsy refers to an imaging targeted technique rather than the traditional systematic approach of a prostate biopsy after respective imaging with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) of the prostate.
As a consequence of advances with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) of the prostate in t...
Article
Tachon syndrome
Tachon syndrome is a rare systemic side effect of epidural or intra-articular corticosteroid injections.
Clinical presentation
Minutes after injection, patients may complain of 1:
acute low back pain
chest tightness
facial erythema
profuse sweating
cough
agitation
Treatment and prognosi...
Article
Endovascular aneurysm sealing system (EVAS)
Endovascular aneurysm sealing system (EVAS) was developed with the intention to expand beyond the anatomic limitations of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) devices, as well as to decrease the rates of re-intervention secondary to graft migration and type II endoleaks.
EVAS was designed by End...
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