Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Diffuse T1 bone marrow signal loss
Diffuse T1 vertebral bone marrow signal loss is associated with replacement of fatty marrow by edema or cellular tissue.
Radiographic features
MRI
T1-weighted imaging without fat suppression is one of the most important sequences for distinguishing between normal and abnormal bone marrow. Ab...
Article
Systemic lupus erythematosus (CNS manifestations)
Central nervous system manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (CNS lupus), also known as neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE), describe a very diverse range of neuropsychiatric manifestations that are secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the central nervous...
Article
Baastrup disease
Baastrup disease or syndrome (also referred to as kissing spines) is a cause of low back pain characterized by interspinous bursitis and other degenerative changes of the bones and soft tissues where adjacent spinous processes in the lumbar spine rub against each other.
Epidemiology
It tends t...
Article
Alar ligament calcification
Alar ligament calcification is rare. The alar ligaments arise bilaterally from the upper portion of the odontoid process and run obliquely cephalad and laterally to insert on the medial surface of the occipital condyles. They stabilize the head during rotatory movements.
Epidemiology
Focal c...
Article
Anterior subluxation of the cervical spine
Anterior subluxation of the cervical spine, also known as hyperflexion sprain, is a ligamentous injury of the cervical spine.
Clinical presentation
Patients present with severe, focal neck pain. There may be neurological symptoms due to spinal cord injury.
Pathology
Anterior subluxation of t...
Article
Lateral thoracic meningocele
Lateral thoracic meningoceles are a type of spinal meningocele.
Pathology
As with any meningocele, it results from herniation of the meninges through a foramen or a defect in the vertebral column.
Associations
They are typically associated with neurofibromatosis type I but can rarely occur ...
Article
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF)
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a commonly performed spinal fusion procedure for the decompression of the cervical cord due to disc protrusions and posteriorly projecting osteophytes.
It is not to be confused with an ACDA (anterior cervical disc arthroplasty).
Indications
An...
Article
Meningocele manqué
Meningocele manqué (from French, literally "missed meningocele") is a rare condition characterized by focal dorsal tethering of the spinal cord. The term is used to designate a meningocele which failed to develop and became atretic.
Epidemiology
It has been reported in neonates, but median age...
Article
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (commonly abbreviated to TB, short for tubercle bacillus) encompasses an enormously wide disease spectrum affecting multiple organs and body systems predominantly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A small proportion can also be caused by Mycobacterium bovis through drinking unpa...
Article
Ultrasound-guided spinal anesthesia
With the growing incidence of obesity in the western world, ultrasound-guided anesthesia is becoming more common.
Spinal anesthesia is traditionally administered by identifying relevant surface anatomy and imaging is rarely used for pre-procedural identification of structures. Ultrasound-guide...
Article
Trefoil appearance of spinal canal
A trefoil appearance of spinal canal (sometimes termed as a cloverleaf spinal canal appearance) is a particular appearance that is of congenital or acquired etiology. This is mainly described in the lumber region and can result in narrowing of the lateral recesess as well as at times involvement...
Article
Stork test
The Stork test (also known as the Gillet test) is a clinical test used to assess the movement (intrapelvic motion) of the sacroiliac joint between the innominate bone and sacrum. It can be useful in evaluating suspected sacroiliac joint pathology / dysfunction.
It involves placing the examiner'...
Article
Lumboperitoneal shunt
Lumboperitoneal (LP) shunts are a device used to shunt cerebrospinal fluid in the treatment of increased CSF pressure.
As the name suggests, a catheter is placed with its tip in the lumbar spinal canal (intrathecal). The distal catheter is tunneled under the skin and into the peritoneal cavity....
Article
Angiolipoma
Angiolipomas are rare soft tissue tumors composed of mature adipocytes and vessels. They most commonly arise in the subcutaneous tissues of the extremities.
Please refer to the epidural (spinal) angiolipoma article for a specific discussion. The remainder of this article describes the general f...
Article
Tethered cord syndrome
Tethered cord syndrome is a neurological disorder caused by tissue attachments that limit the movement of the spinal cord within the spinal canal.
Clinical presentation
Tethered cord syndrome is a clinical diagnosis based on neurologic deterioration involving the lower spinal cord 7. Patients ...
Article
Spinal muscular atrophy
Spinal muscular atrophy is a type of congenital neuromuscular disease affecting anterior horn cells of the brainstem and spinal cord.
Epidemiology
This disorder affects 1 in 6000-10000 infants 1.
Clinical presentation
Spinal muscular atrophy typically affects infants and young children, pres...
Article
Cervical spine floating pillar
A floating pillar, also referred as pedicolaminar fracture-separation injury, is characterized by fractures through the pedicle and lamina of a cervical spine vertebrae creating a free-floating articular pillar fragment. It is an unstable cervical spine fracture that results from hyperflexion–la...
Article
Ependymoma vs astrocytoma of the spinal cord
A number of factors are useful when differentiating between spinal cord ependymoma and spinal cord astrocytoma.
Ependymoma
child or adult
more central in location
well-defined lesion
bone remodeling is common
low T1 signal
well-defined enhancement
syrinx is more common
hemorrhage is mo...
Article
Sacrococcygeal teratoma
Sacrococcygeal teratoma refers to a teratoma arising in the sacrococcygeal region. The coccyx is almost always involved 6.
Epidemiology
It is the most common congenital tumor in the fetus 11 and neonate 3. The incidence is estimated at ~1:35,000-40,000. There is a recognized female predilectio...
Article
Bilateral facet dislocation
A bilateral facet dislocation is an unstable flexion distraction type of dislocation of the cervical spine, often a result of buckling force. Occasionally, the bilateral facet dislocation has been named a 'doubly-locked' vertebral injury giving the impression of stability. However, due to comple...
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