Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Pulmonary laceration
Pulmonary lacerations result from frank laceration of lung parenchyma secondary to trauma. There is almost always concurrent contusion.
Epidemiology
Contusions and lacerations follow blunt or penetrating chest trauma, and are almost always seen with other chest (and abdominal) injuries. While ...
Article
Bone bruise
Bone bruises (also known as bone contusion, trabecular microfracture) are an osseous injury that results from compression of bone structures.
Pathology
Bone bruises represent trabecular microfractures with hemorrhage and without a discrete fracture line or contour abnormality 4. They typically...
Article
Urethral stricture
Urethral strictures are relatively common and typically occur either in the setting of trauma or infection.
Epidemiology
The demographics of the affected population is dictated by the etiology, but in general, it is safe to say that adult males make up the vast majority of cases.
Clinical pre...
Article
Smith fracture
Smith fractures, also known as Goyrand fractures in the French literature 3, are fractures of the distal radius with associated volar angulation of the distal fracture fragment(s). Classically, these fractures are extra-articular transverse fractures and can be thought of as a reverse Colles fra...
Article
Superior labral anterior posterior tear
Superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) tears are injuries of the glenoid labrum, and can often be confused with a sublabral sulcus on MRI.
Diagnosis
The gold standard for diagnosis is made via diagnostic shoulder arthroscopy 9.
Pathology
SLAP tears involve the superior glenoid labrum, whe...
Article
Scaphoid fracture
Scaphoid fractures (i.e. fractures through the scaphoid bone) are common, in some instances can be difficult to diagnose, and can result in significant functional impairment.
Epidemiology
Scaphoid fractures account for 70-80% of all carpal bone fractures 1. Although they occur essentially at a...
Article
Sanders CT classification of calcaneal fracture
The Sanders classification system is used to assess intraarticular calcaneal fractures, which are those involving the posterior facet of the calcaneus. This classification is based on the number of intraarticular fracture lines and their location on semicoronal CT images. This classification is ...
Article
Trapezoid fracture
Trapezoid fractures are the least common carpal fracture. They typically occur as the result of an axial force through the second metacarpal.
Epidemiology
They account for ~0.4% of all carpal fractures 1.
Radiographic features
The trapezoid is in a relatively immobile, and protected locatio...
Article
Morel-Lavallée lesion
Morel-Lavallée lesions are closed degloving injuries associated with severe trauma which then present as hemolymphatic collections or masses occurring deep to subcutaneous plane due to disruption of capillaries. MRI and ultrasound are useful modalities for evaluation.
Terminology
The lesions c...
Article
Salter-Harris type III fracture
Salter-Harris type III fractures are an uncommon, intraarticular fracture physeal fractures that occur in children.
The fracture line is often obliquely oriented through the epiphysis to the physis where it will take a horizontal orientation extending to the edge of the physis.
The prognosis...
Article
Anterior subluxation of the cervical spine
Anterior subluxation of the cervical spine, also known as hyperflexion sprain, is a ligamentous injury of the cervical spine.
Clinical presentation
Patients present with severe, focal neck pain. There may be neurological symptoms due to spinal cord injury.
Pathology
Anterior subluxation of t...
Article
Anterior to posterior fibular gap
The anterior to posterior fibular gap illustrates the displacement of the proximal and distal fibular fragments in trans-syndesmotic lateral malleolar fractures on the lateral view of the ankle and might indicate a medial injury.
Usage
The anterior to posterior fibular gap can be used in the s...
Article
Bankart lesion
Bankart lesions are injuries specifically at the anteroinferior aspect of the glenoid labral complex and represent a common complication of anterior shoulder dislocation. They are frequently seen in association with a Hill-Sachs defect.
Terminology
Strictly speaking, a "Bankart lesion" refers...
Article
Knee dislocation
Knee dislocations are rare, but a significant number have a serious associated neurovascular injury. This article discusses tibiofemoral joint dislocation. Please see separate articles for discussion of medial and lateral patellar dislocations.
Epidemiology
They account for <0.5% of all joint...
Article
Canadian CT head rule
The Canadian CT head rule (CCTHR) is a validated clinical decision rule to determine the need for CT head in adult emergency department patients with minor head injuries.
Inclusion criteria
Patient has suffered minor head trauma with resultant:
loss of consciousness
GCS 13-15
confusion
amn...
Article
Pulmonary contusion
A pulmonary contusion refers to an interstitial and/or alveolar lung injury without any frank laceration. It usually occurs secondary to non-penetrating trauma.
Epidemiology
While contusion can affect anyone, children are considered more susceptible due to greater pliability of the chest wall...
Article
Retrobulbar hemorrhage
Retrobulbar hemorrhage is the presence of a post septal orbital hematoma and is usually due to craniofacial trauma causing an extraconal hematoma. It may cause orbital compartment syndrome which is an ophthalmologic emergency.
Clinical features
If small, there may be no orbital or ocular sympt...
Article
Bowing fracture
Bowing fractures are incomplete fractures of tubular long bones in pediatric patients (especially the radius and ulna) that often require no intervention and heal with remodeling.
Epidemiology
Bowing fractures are almost exclusively found in children. However, there have been several case repo...
Article
Hill-Sachs defect
Hill-Sachs defects are a posterolateral humeral head depression fracture, resulting from the impaction with the anterior glenoid rim, and indicative of an anterior glenohumeral dislocation. It is often associated with a Bankart lesion of the glenoid.
Terminology
A Hill-Sachs defect is the term...
Article
Bucket handle mesenteric injury
Bucket handle mesenteric injuries are avulsions of the mesentery off a bowel segment (the handle) due to shearing forces in blunt trauma to the bowel and mesentery. Laceration of the mesenteric vessels results in intestinal ischemia.
Clinical presentation
The most common mechanism of injury in...
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