Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Maxilla
The maxillae (or maxillary bones) are a pair of symmetrical bones joined at the midline, which form the middle third of the face. Each maxilla forms the floor of the nasal cavity and parts of its lateral wall and roof, the roof of the oral cavity, contains the maxillary sinus, and contributes mo...
Article
Variant hepatic arterial anatomy
Variation in hepatic arterial anatomy is seen in 40-45% of people. Classic branching of the common hepatic artery from the celiac artery, and the proper hepatic artery into right and left hepatic arteries to supply the entire liver, is seen in 55-60% of the population.
Terminology
An accessor...
Article
Cartilage
Cartilage or cartilaginous tissue is a resilient and type of connective tissue of mesodermal origin that forms an integral part within the musculoskeletal system and as a structural component in other organs.
Cartilage can be generally classified into the following main types:
hyaline cartil...
Article
Lymphatic drainage of the upper limb
Lymphatic drainage of the upper limb is via a series of deep and superficial channels that ultimately drain into the axillary lymph nodes.
Gross anatomy
Lymph from the hand and forearm drain from lymphatic plexuses via superficial channels that accompany the basilic and cephalic veins to a se...
Article
Radialis indicis artery
The radialis indicis artery is a branch of the radial artery in the hand that supplies the radial aspect of the index finger (2nd digit). It arises from the radial artery in the palm just after the origin of the princeps pollicis artery. The artery courses distally along the radial (lateral) pal...
Article
Condylar canal
The condylar canal, or canalis condylaris, is a skull base canal in the posterior cranial fossa, located in the condylar fossa. It is the largest of the emissary foramina of the skull 1.
Summary
location: in the condylar fossa of the posterior cranial fossa, posterior to the occipital condyles...
Article
Intercalary bone
Intercalary bones are common discal ossifications that are usually triangular in morphology, found in the anterior annular fibers of an intervertebral disc, and are thought to be degenerative in etiology.
Differential diagnosis
limbus vertebra
flexion or extension teardrop fracture
Article
Foramen rotundum
The foramen rotundum (plural: foramina rotunda) is located in the middle cranial fossa, inferomedial to the superior orbital fissure at the base of greater wing of the sphenoid bone. Its medial border is formed by lateral wall of sphenoid sinus. It runs downwards and laterally in an oblique path...
Article
Pterygoid canal
The pterygoid canal, also known as the Vidian canal, is a foramen in the base of skull, located in the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, superior to the pterygoid plates, and inferomedial to the foramen rotundum. It transmits the Vidian artery and Vidian nerve from the middle cranial fossa...
Article
Talocalcaneal joint
The talocalcaneal joint, also called the clinical subtalar joint, is an important and complex joint in the hindfoot that allows articulation of the talus and calcaneus.
Gross anatomy
It comprises three articulations between talus and calcaneus 1:
anterior: head of talus with anterior facet o...
Article
Great vessels
The great vessels is the collective term given to the major arteries and veins that convey blood to and away from the heart:
aorta
pulmonary artery
pulmonary veins
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
The branches and tributaries of these named vessels are not great vessels, e.g. brachioc...
Article
Lunate
The lunate (os lunatum or semilunar) is one of the carpal bones and is a component of the proximal carpal row.
Gross anatomy
Osteology
The lunate is crescent-shaped with a proximal convex articular facet and a distal concave articular facet. On the medial surface is a square-shaped facet and ...
Article
Radial head
The radial head is the proximal articular surface of the radius and prone to dislocation in childhood and fracture in adults. It is palpable on the lateral side of the elbow, immediately distal to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
Gross anatomy
The radial head forms part of the elbow join...
Article
Radial neck
The radial neck is a feature of the proximal radius. Proximal radial fractures commonly involve both the neck and shaft in children.
Gross anatomy
The radial neck is the constriction distal to the head. The radial tuberosity is an oval prominence distal to the neck on the medial aspect, which ...
Article
Supernumerary kidney
Supernumerary kidneys, also known as accessory kidneys, are a rare congenital anomaly of the urogenital system, where there are one or two additional kidneys.
Epidemiology
Less than 100 cases have been documented in the medical literature.
Associations
Many conditions have been found to be a...
Article
Olecranon
The olecranon is a large bony prominence at the proximal end of the ulna. It is palpable at the posterior aspect of the elbow.
Summary
location
proximal end of the ulna
articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus
blood supply
deep nutrient branch of the ulnar artery
relations
p...
Article
Central vein
A central vein refers to a major vein close to the center of the circulation, i.e. the heart. It originally referred to those large veins in which the distal tip of a catheter could lie for central venous pressure monitoring. To accurately measure the central venous pressure, which is the pressu...
Article
Greater sciatic notch
The greater sciatic notch is a large notch in the pelvis above the ischial spine. The addition of the sacrospinous ligament converts the notch into the greater sciatic foramen.
Article
Thymus
The thymus (plural: thymi) is a lymphoid organ in the anterior mediastinum responsible for the production and maturation of T-cells until puberty. It is a vital component of the immune system and plays a role in prevention of cancer 12, infection and autoimmunity 11.
Gross anatomy
It is relati...
Article
Femur
The femur (plural: femora) is the longest, most voluminous and strongest bone in the human body.
Gross anatomy
It is composed of the upper extremity, body and lower extremity and provides several muscular origins and insertions.
Proximal portion
The upper extremity is composed of the head, n...
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