Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Coronary arteries
The coronary arteries arise from the aortic sinuses immediately distal (superior) to the aortic valve and supply the myocardium with oxygenated blood. The arteries branch to encircle the heart, covering its surface with a lacy network, perhaps resembling a slightly crooked crown.
Gross anatomy
...
Article
Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus
Caseous calcification, liquefactive necrosis or ‘toothpaste tumor’ of the mitral annulus refers to a calcified cardiac mass and a rare variant of mitral annular calcification that is often misdiagnosed as a cardiac abscess or cardiac tumor.
Epidemiology
Caseous mitral annular calcification is ...
Article
Rheumatic heart disease
Rheumatic heart disease (not to be confused with rheumatoid heart disease) may refer to either the acute cardiac involvement or chronic cardiac sequelae following rheumatic fever. Carditis is a major Revised Jones criterion of rheumatic fever.
Epidemiology
An increased prevalence in females ha...
Article
Primary cardiac tumors
Primary cardiac tumors are uncommon and comprise only a small minority of all tumors that involve the heart: most are mediastinal or lung tumors that extend through the pericardium and into the heart, or metastases 1.
Epidemiology
Primary cardiac tumors have an estimated autopsy prevalence of ...
Article
Behçet disease
Behçet disease is a multisystemic and chronic inflammatory vasculitis of unknown etiology.
Epidemiology
The mean age at which Behçet disease occurs is 20-30 years. The disease is most prevalent in the Mediterranean, Middle East and East Asia. It is rarely reported in Europe. The highest incide...
Article
Eosinophilic endocarditis
Eosinophilic endocarditis, also known as Löffler (Loeffler) endocarditis, is one of the cardiac manifestations of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. It is also considered a form of cardiomyopathy.
Epidemiology
There is limited information on the incidence of eosinophilic endocarditis. The ...
Article
Drug and toxin induced pulmonary hypertension
Drug and toxin induced pulmonary hypertension is one of the causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension. It falls under group 1.3 under the Dana point classification system of pulmonary hypertension.
Pathology
A wide range of different drugs have been associated with developing pulmonary hypert...
Article
Ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular tachycardia is a type of ventricular arrhythmia with at least three consecutive ventricular beats occurring at greater than 100 beats per minute. If left untreated, ventricular tachycardia can lead to ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest.
Epidemiology
Ventricular tachycardi...
Article
Aortic valve regurgitation
Aortic valve regurgitation, also known as aortic valve insufficiency or aortic valve incompetence, is a valvulopathy that describes leaking of the aortic valve during diastole that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction from the aorta and into the left ventricle.
Epidemiology
Aortic reg...
Article
Prosthetic valve thrombosis
Prosthetic valve thrombosis, valve thrombosis or leaflet thrombosis refers to thrombus formation of any component of a prosthetic heart valve and is a cause of prosthetic valve dysfunction and a potentially reversible complication of valvular surgery 1,2.
Subclinical leaflet thrombosis is an en...
Article
Septal branches of the left anterior descending artery
The septal branches of the left anterior descending artery supply blood flow to the interventricular septum of the heart.
Origin
These are right-sided branches (on axial CTCA) from the left anterior descending artery.
Supply
They provide the main blood supply to the anterior interventricular...
Article
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a dystrophinopathy and the most common muscular dystrophy.
Epidemiology
Duchenne muscular dystrophy has an incidence of 1 in 3500 to 5000 males 1,2. The condition is extremely rare in females due to its inheritance pattern, as discussed below 1.
Clinical p...
Article
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Electrocardiography is the process of recording an electrocardiogram (ECG). An ECG is a recording of the heart's electrical activity carried out by measuring the potential difference across different points on the skin surface using electrodes.
Technique
This is often carried out as a '12 lead...
Article
Single coronary artery
Single coronary arteries are rare (incidence 0.03-0.07%), with a higher incidence in patients with congenital heart disease (in particular truncus arteriosus and pulmonary atresia). They occur when there is a single ostium arising from the aorta with no ectopic ostia. There is a wide variety of ...
Article
Reverse Bernheim phenomenon
Reverse Bernheim phenomenon, also known as reverse Bernheim syndrome or reverse Bernheim effect, describes the compromise of left ventricular filling caused by the interventricular septum bulging into the left ventricle. When there is right ventricular pressure and volume overload, the intervent...
Article
Left heart failure
Left heart failure or left ventricular failure is the type of heart failure attributed to left ventricular dysfunction. When the left ventricle is unable to pump blood effectively out of the heart, pulmonary edema develops. Congestion can progress to right heart failure, with manifestations such...
Article
Acute coronary syndrome
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a group of cardiac diagnoses along a spectrum of severity due to the interruption of coronary blood flow to the myocardium, which in decreasing severity are:
ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)
unstable an...
Article
Ventricular fibrillation
The diagnosis of ventricular fibrillation (VF) refers to a cardiac arrhythmia in which disorganized electrical activity within the heart causes uncoordinated contraction of the ventricular myocardium. The heart is subsequently unable to pump blood normally to the body, leading to cardiac arrest....
Article
Patent ductus arteriosus
Patent ductus arteriosus or arteriosum (PDA) is a congenital cardiac anomaly where there is persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus, a normal connection of the fetal circulation between the aorta and the pulmonary arterial system that develops from the 6th aortic arch.
Epidemiology
Patent ...
Article
Truncus arteriosus
Truncus arteriosus is a cyanotic congenital heart anomaly in which a single trunk supplies both the pulmonary and systemic circulation, instead of a separate aorta and a pulmonary trunk. It is usually classified as a conotruncal anomaly.
It accounts for up to 2% of congenital cardiac anomalies ...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.