Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Melioidosis
Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei (previously known as Pseudomonas pseudomallei) and is a multisystem disorder which may affect the lungs, brain, visceral organs, or musculoskeletal system.
Epidemiology
Melioidosis is a disease of the monsoo...
Article
Asbestosis
Asbestosis is an occupational fibrotic lung disease associated with high levels of asbestos fiber inhalation. Fibrosis is lower lobe predominant and can progress. Even without progression the risk of lung cancer is increased. The presence of pleural plaques is variable 10.
Epidemiology
Asbesto...
Article
Focal interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
Focal interstitial pulmonary fibrosis refers to a manifestation of pulmonary fibrosis where changes are confined and localized to a small region of the lung, they can arise from a range of etiologies with one rather common example being osteophyte induced adjacent pulmonary atelectasis and fibro...
Article
Rheumatoid arthritis (pulmonary manifestations)
Pulmonary manifestations are relatively common in rheumatoid arthritis, and like many of its non-articular manifestations, tend to develop later in the disease.
Please refer to the related articles for a general discussion of rheumatoid arthritis, and for the specific discussion of its musculos...
Article
Middle lobe bronchiectasis
Middle lobe bronchiectasis is an imaging an imaging descriptor when bronchiectasis is confined to the middle lobe. When it (predominantly) involves the middle lobe it is sometimes is termed right middle lobe predominant (RMLP) bronchiectasis 2.
Middle lobe bronchiectasis may be seen in:
non-tu...
Article
Scleroderma (pulmonary manifestations)
Pulmonary manifestations of scleroderma are demonstrated histologically in 90% of patients with scleroderma. It is a leading cause of mortality and at autopsy the lung is reportedly involved in close to 100% of cases. However, only 25% of patients will present with respiratory symptoms or demons...
Article
Talc pleurodesis
Talc pleurodesis is one of the chemical methods of pleurodesis which is a procedure performed to prevent recurrence of a pneumothorax or recurrent pleural effusion in benign or malignant conditions. It involves achieving an area of adhesion between the parietal and visceral layers of the pleura....
Article
Upper lobe pulmonary venous diversion
Upper lobe pulmonary venous diversion (also described as cephalisation of the pulmonary veins) reflects elevation of left atrial pressure and is an early sign of pulmonary edema.
Clinical presentation
The normal left atrial pressure is 5-10 mmHg. An elevation of left atrial pressure to 10-15 m...
Article
Pulmonary laceration
Pulmonary lacerations result from frank laceration of lung parenchyma secondary to trauma. There is almost always concurrent contusion.
Epidemiology
Contusions and lacerations follow blunt or penetrating chest trauma, and are almost always seen with other chest (and abdominal) injuries. While ...
Article
Doege-Potter syndrome
Doege-Potter syndrome is a paraneoplastic non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia, secondary to a solitary fibrous tumor, most commonly pulmonary, secreting insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2).
It is rare and more often found with higher grade solitary fibrous tumors 1-4.
Article
Klebsiella
Klebsiella is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, which is relatively commonly encountered in the healthcare environment. It has numerous species, including K. pneumoniae, K. aerogenes, and K. rhinoscleromatis 1. Klebsiella may cause a range of infections, most commo...
Article
Intercostal nerve
The intercostal nerves are the somatic nerves that arise from the anterior divisions of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11. These nerves in addition to supplying the thoracic wall also supply the pleura and peritoneum.
Gross anatomy
Intercostal nerves can be divided into atypical and ty...
Article
Chronic exogenous lipoid pneumonia
Chronic exogenous lipoid pneumonia is a subtype of exogenous lipoid pneumonia.
Epidemiology
Typically occurs in older patients but also has been reported in children as well as infants with usage of mineral oil as a lubricant to facilitate feeding. Can occur in patients without a predisposing...
Article
Diagnostic HRCT criteria for usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern - ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT (2018)
As a part of international evidence-based guidelines adopted by a collaborative effort of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), the European Respiratory Society (ERS), the Japanese Respiratory Society (JRS), and the Latin American Thoracic Association (ALAT), specific diagnostic HRCT criteria for...
Article
Superior vena cava obstruction
Superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) can occur from extrinsic compression, intrinsic stenosis, or thrombosis of the superior vena cava. Malignancies are the main cause and are considered an oncologic emergency. Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) refers to the clinical syndrome with symptoms tha...
Article
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Thoracic outlet syndrome refers to a group of clinical syndromes caused by congenital or acquired compression of the brachial plexus or subclavian vessels as they pass through the superior thoracic aperture 11.
Clinical presentation
Clinical presentation will depend on the structure compresse...
Article
Sliding hiatus hernia
A sliding hiatus hernia or type 1 hiatus hernia is considered the most common type of hiatus hernia. They can be present to varying degrees and can also co-exist with other types (inclusive of a rolling hiatus hernia).
Clinical presentation
Many patients may have gastro-esophageal reflux. Some...
Article
Pulmonary artery intramural hematoma
Pulmonary artery intramural hematoma (PA-IMH) refers to a hemorrhage within the wall of the pulmonary arteries. It can occur alone in the setting of a thoracic aortic injury or as a complication of an acute aortic dissection for example in a setting where the posterior wall of the aortic root is...
Article
Pulmonary necrotizing granuloma
Pulmonary necrotizing granuloma refers to rather blanket term covering a group of entities which can result in granuloma formation with associated necrosis.
Pathology
On a pathologic specimen a necrotizing granuloma comprises of aggregates of macrophages transformed into epithelium-like cells...
Article
Pulmonary hypoplasia
Pulmonary hypoplasia refers to underdevelopment of one or both lungs. This can be rapidly fatal at birth or mild, escaping detection for decades. It is most often secondary to congenital abnormalities that either restrict intrathoracic space or alter pulmonary fluid dynamics.
Epidemiology
Pulm...
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