Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Pancreatic pseudocyst
Pancreatic pseudocysts are common sequelae of acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis, and the most common cystic lesion of the pancreas. They are important both in terms of management and differentiation from other cystic processes or masses in this region.
Terminology
The following are th...
Article
Sickle cell disease (abdominal manifestations)
Abdominal manifestations of sickle cell disease (SCD) are wide and can involve many organs.
For a general discussion, please refer to sickle cell disease.
Splenic
splenomegaly
may occur transiently with the sequestration syndrome, where rapid pooling of blood occurs in the spleen, resulting ...
Article
Primary myelofibrosis
Primary myelofibrosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm in which the bone marrow is replaced with collagenous connective tissue resulting in progressive fibrosis. It is characterized by:
extramedullary hematopoiesis
progressive splenomegaly
anemia
variable change in the number of granulocytes...
Article
Accessory hepatic sulci
Accessory hepatic grooves (also known as accessory hepatic fissures or accessory hepatic sulci) are a common anatomic variant, with majority of accessory grooves occurring over the diaphragmatic surface of the liver 1,2.
Several hypotheses have been made regarding the process by which an access...
Article
Pancreas
The pancreas (plural: pancreata) is an unpaired, mostly retroperitoneal organ that has endocrine and exocrine functions, with a role in glucose metabolism and digestion.
Gross anatomy
Location
The pancreas is located at approximately the L1-L2 vertebral level in the anterior pararenal space o...
Article
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute, life-threatening complication that usually occurs in new-onset and established type 1 diabetic patients due to a state of severe insulin deficiency. This condition is characterized by hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and ketonuria.
Epidemiology
Diabetic ket...
Article
Liver tumors
Liver tumors, like tumors of any organ, can be classified as primary or secondary.
Metastases
Liver metastases are by far the most common hepatic malignancy, with many of the most common primaries readily seeding to the liver. This is especially the case with gastrointestinal tract tumors, due...
Article
Hepatic solitary fibrous tumor
Hepatic solitary fibrous tumors are rare mesenchymal tumors.
Terminology
Historically, hepatic solitary fibrous tumors were known as hepatic hemangiopericytomas, however this term has now been abandoned.
Epidemiology
Fewer than 60 cases of hepatic solitary fibrous tumor have been reported i...
Article
Gastric varix
Gastric varices are an important portosystemic collateral pathway, occurring in ~20% of patients with portal hypertension. They are considered distinct from esophageal varices in that they have a propensity to hemorrhage at comparatively lower portal pressures 1, and are also associated with hig...
Article
Hutson loop
A Hutson loop, also known as an access loop, is variation of the Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy whereby a longer segment of jejunum is used to construct the hepatobiliary limb, and the upstream end is tacked to the anterior abdominal wall ("stomatization") 4.
The goal is to simplify future end...
Article
COACH syndrome
The acronym COACH describes a syndrome associated with:
C: cerebellar vermis defect (Joubert syndrome)
O: oligophrenia
A: ataxia
C: coloboma
H: hepatic fibrosis
Epidemiology
COACH syndrome is considered extremely rare.
Associations
The association with infantile polycystic kidney diseas...
Article
Riedel lobe
Riedel lobe is a common anatomical variant of the liver to be aware of because it can simulate a mass. Its misidentification as a pathologic abdominal mass has led to surgery. Pathology can also occur within it (e.g. malignancy or even torsion) and cause atypical hepatic symptoms low in the pelv...
Article
Wilson disease
Wilson disease, also known as hepatolenticular degeneration, is a rare and potentially fatal autosomal recessive disorder caused by impairment of both biliary copper excretion and serum copper transport. Copper first accumulates in the liver causing slowly progressive disease and subsequently sp...
Article
Zebra sign (disambiguation)
The evocative appearance of the coat of a zebra has been used for several distinctive signs in radiology:
zebra sign: cerebellar hemorrhage 1
zebra sign: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2
zebra spleen: arterial phase appearance of normal spleen 4,5
zebra stripe sign: treated osteogenesis imper...
Article
Hepatic lipoma
Hepatic lipomas are uncommon benign lesions of the liver.
Epidemiology
Associations
tuberous sclerosis
renal angiomyolipoma
Pathology
As with lipomas elsewhere in the body, hepatic lipomas are marginated masses that are composed of mature adipocytes without evidence of cellular atypia.
Hi...
Article
Saber sign (pneumobilia)
The saber sign refers to a pattern of gas distribution seen in supine abdominal radiographs of patients with pneumobilia. A sword-shaped lucency is apparent in the right paraspinal region of the upper abdomen representing arching gas extending from the common bile duct into the left hepatic duc...
Article
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis results from infection by the zoonotic Leptospira spp. The condition can have multiorgan manifestations. Commonly affected organs include:
lung: pulmonary leptospirosis
liver: hepatic leptospirosis
central nervous system: CNS leptospirosis
skeletal muscle: muscular leptospirosi...
Article
Actinomycosis of the gallbladder
Actinomycosis of the gallbladder is rare and caused by Actinomyces spp. bacteria. It may present as biliary colic, cholecystitis or pancreatitis. It is a mimic of gallbladder carcinoma.
Epidemiology
Actinomycosis is endemic worldwide. It has no predilection for age, gender, ethnicity or climat...
Article
Portal vein embolization
Portal vein embolization (PVE) is a technique used to selectively occlude the blood supply to one of the liver lobes, diverting portal blood flow to the other lobe, the future liver remnant (FLR).
This diversion will increase the size of the post-hepatectomy future liver remnant, which improves...
Article
Hepatocellular carcinoma (surveillance)
Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance programs have been adopted by some health systems in attempts to effect an early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in high-risk populations.
Rationale
The idea behind hepatocellular carcinoma screening, as with any screening program, is to detect clin...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.