Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder with heterogeneous clinical features.
Clinical presentation
It is characterized by many features which include:
poikiloderma: characteristic rash, typically develops in infancy
sparse hair, eyelashes, and/or ey...
Article
Cloverleaf skull (craniosynostosis)
Cloverleaf skull, also known as kleeblattschädel syndrome or deformity, refers to a type of severe craniosynostosis that gives the skull a cloverleaf shape. It is very rare, with less than 130 case reports globally. It typically results from intrauterine premature closure of the sagittal, corona...
Article
Braxton Hicks contractions
Braxton Hicks contractions, also known as practice contractions or false labor, are physiological contractions of myometrium that occur in pregnancy. They are often sporadic and start by ~6 weeks.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
It may be seen as a transient change in myometrial thickness 2....
Article
Intrauterine contraceptive device
Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD), also known as intrauterine devices (IUD) and colloquially commonly as the coil, are one of the most frequently used methods of contraception throughout the world. It prevents pregnancy by:
thinning the endometrial lining
preventing sperm motility
pre...
Article
Lambda sign (disambiguation)
There are two described lambda (λ) signs:
lambda sign (twin pregnancy)
lambda sign (sarcoidosis)
Article
Fallopian (disambiguation)
The eponym fallopian may refer to:
fallopian canal (facial nerve canal)
fallopian tube (uterine duct)
fallopian ligament (inguinal ligament)
History and etymology
It is named after Gabriele Falloppio (also known by his Latin name Fallopius), Italian anatomist (1523-1562). Despite the eponym...
Article
Heterotopic pregnancy
Heterotopic pregnancy is a rare situation when there is an intra-uterine and extra-uterine (i.e. ectopic) pregnancy occurring simultaneously.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence in the general population is estimated at 1:30,000 (for a naturally conceived pregnancy 7). The incidence among pat...
Article
Clinodactyly
Clinodactyly is a descriptive term that refers to a radial angulation at an interphalangeal joint in the radio-ulnar or palmar planes. It typically affects the fifth finger.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is highly variable dependent on sampling and has been reported to range between 1-...
Article
Invasive mole
Invasive mole is a tumorous growth associated with gestation and falls under the spectrum of gestational trophoblastic disease. Due to their aggressive growth characteristics, invasive moles are considered locally invasive non-metastasizing neoplasms.
Epidemiology
An invasive mole develops in ...
Article
Crouzon syndrome
Crouzon syndrome, also known as craniofacial dysotosis, is rare disorder characterized by premature craniosynostoses.
Pathology
Features include:
abnormal calvarial shape: in severe case can give a "cloverleaf skull"
shallow orbits with exophthalmos
mid facial hypoplasia
bifid uvula
Gen...
Article
Ectrodactyly
Ectrodactyly (also known as a split hand-split foot malformation, cleft hand or lobster claw hand) is a skeletal anomaly predominantly affecting the hands (although the feet can also be affected). The condition has a highly variable severity.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is at ~ 1 in 9...
Article
Acrania
Acrania is a rare lethal congenital anomaly characterized by an absence of the calvaria.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is at ~1:1000 pregnancies 4.
Pathology
The condition is thought to result from abnormal migration of mesenchymal tissue, which normally covers the cerebral hemispher...
Article
Strawberry skull
Strawberry skull refers to the shape of the head on an antenatal ultrasound.
Epidemiology
Associations
In general, strawberry skull is considered one of the non-specific 'soft markers' for abnormal fetal development. It is considered more closely associated with trisomy 18 (Edward syndrome).
...
Article
McKusick Kaufman syndrome
McKusick Kaufman syndrome (MKS) is an autosomal recessive multiple malformation syndrome primarily characterized by
hydrometrocolpos - vaginal atresia
post-axial polydactyly
congenital heart disease
Article
Abnormally thickened endometrium (differential)
Abnormally thickened endometrium on imaging may occur for a number of reasons which may be categorized based on whether or not they are related to pregnancy. Etiologies may also be classified based on whether the patient is premenopausal or postmenopausal.
Differential diagnosis
Pregnancy-rela...
Article
Mirror syndrome
Mirror syndrome or triple edema or Ballantyne syndrome is a rare disorder affecting pregnant women. It refers to the unusual association of fetal and placental hydrops with maternal pre-eclampsia and edema.
History and etymology
It was first described in 1892 by John William Ballantyne.
Article
Habitual miscarriage
A habitual miscarriage is the term given when a woman has had more than three miscarriages and it affects approximately 1-2% of women.
Pathology
Many causes are identified.
congenital uterine
Mullerian duct anomalies
acquired uterine causes
leiomyoma
uterine adhesion bands
cervical incom...
Article
Placental abruption
Placental abruption (or abruptio placentae) refers to a premature separation of the normally implanted placenta after the 20th week of gestation and before the 3rd stage of labor. It is a potentially fatal complication of pregnancy and a significant cause of third-trimester bleeding/antepartum h...
Article
Fetal anasarca
Fetal anasarca refers to generalized fetal body edema and usually occurs as a component of hydrops fetalis. The fetal subcutaneous tissues appear diffusely thickened often to more than 5 mm.
Pathology
It occurs from a fluid shift from the intravascular compartment into the interstitial extrav...
Article
Congenital utero-vaginal anomalies
There are many classification systems for congenital utero-vaginal anomalies. These include:
Buttram and Gibbons classification 2
American Fertility Society (AFS) classification
Modified Rock and Adam - AFS classification
Modified Rock and Adam - AFS classification
This classification divid...
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