Articles
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More than 200 results
Article
Peritoneal metastases
Peritoneal metastases are a relatively common location for metastases, particularly from tumors of the abdomen and pelvis, that generally imply a poor prognosis, often with a significant impact on palliation 1.
Terminology
If peritoneal metastases are of an epithelial origin (as most are) and ...
Article
Seminal vesicle invasion
Seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) is referred to as the secondary involvement of the seminal vesicles and ductus deferens by neoplasms not originating from the seminal vesicles themselves and are much more common than their primary counterparts. Involvement of the seminal vesicles stages prostate c...
Article
Pituitary stalk abnormal enhancement (differential)
Abnormal nodular enhancement of the pituitary stalk can be seen in a number of entities.
Differential diagnosis
tumors
germinoma
craniopharyngioma
hypothalamic glioma
pituitary lymphoma
pituicytoma
granular cell tumor of the pituitary (pituitary choristoma)
pilocytic astrocytoma of the...
Article
Anaplastic rhabdomyosarcoma
Anaplastic rhabdomyosarcomas are a subtype of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, characterized by extensive anaplastic cells seen throughout the tumor 1.
Article
NTRK-rearranged soft tissue neoplasm
NTRK-rearranged soft tissue neoplasms (emerging), lipofibromatosis-like neural tumors or NTRK-positive tumor-resembling peripheral nerve sheath tumors are a group of rare molecularly defined spindle cell neoplasms excluding infantile fibrosarcoma 1.2. The tumors form a provisional category of un...
Article
Diffuse brainstem glioma (historical)
Diffuse brainstem gliomas or diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas was a term used to describe infiltrating astrocytomas arising in the brainstem, usually in children. It is no longer recognized as a distinct entity, removed from the 2016 update to the WHO classification of CNS tumors replaced by a ...
Article
Mediastinal seminoma
Mediastinal seminomas or mediastinal germinomas are primary malignant germ cell tumors of the mediastinum.
Epidemiology
Mediastinal seminomas are rare mediastinal tumors and account for up to one-third of primary malignant mediastinal germ cell tumors 1. They are almost only found in males ≥10...
Article
Intraparotid nodal metastases
Intraparotid nodal metastases refer to metastatic involvement of intraparotid lymph nodes from either a primary parotid tumor or an extraparotid tumor in the head and neck (e.g. nasopharyngeal carcinoma).
Pathology
Location
There may be a predilection towards the superficial lobe or tail regi...
Article
Fibrosing inflammatory pseudotumor
Fibrosing inflammatory pseudotumors are an inflammatory process with histology showing a polymorphous infiltrate with plasma cells, lymphocytes and eosinophils as well as a significant reactive fibrovascular component.
Pathology
Location
They can occur at various sites of the body including: ...
Article
Peripheral T cell lymphoma
Peripheral T cell lymphoma is an uncommon, heterogeneous group of lymphoma. It can account for around 5-15% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
Terminology
The word "peripheral" does not mean involvement in the extremities but refers to tumor cells that arise from lymphoid tissue outside of the bon...
Article
Adrenal lymphoma
Adrenal lymphoma can refer to:
primary adrenal lymphoma: rare
can be bilateral in around 70% of cases 1
secondary involvement of the adrenal glands with lymphoma: more common
Clinical presentation
The presentation can be variable and may include adrenal insufficiency, worsening general sta...
Article
Thymic hyperplasia
Thymic hyperplasia is a disorder whereby there is hyperplasia of the thymus.
Pathology
Thymic hyperplasia can be subdivided into two forms:
true thymic hyperplasia
lymphoid thymic hyperplasia
Both true thymic hyperplasia and lymphoid hyperplasia manifest as diffuse symmetric enlargement of...
Article
International Myeloma Working Group response criteria
The International Myeloma Working Group response criteria are consensus definitions used to assess response to treatment of multiple myeloma. With the latest version published in 2016, the criteria have been widely adopted for classifying responses in clinical trials and in routine practice 1. I...
Article
Pseudo Meigs syndrome
Pseudo Meigs syndrome refers to a clinical syndrome of pleural effusion and ascites associated with an ovarian tumor that is not a fibroma or a fibroma-like tumor.
Pathology
Entities that have been reported to result in pseudo Meigs syndrome include
Krukenberg tumors
colon carcinoma metastas...
Article
Gallbladder cancer (staging - AJCC 8th edition)
The AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) 8th edition gallbladder cancer staging system was introduced in 2018.
TNM system
T: primary tumor
Tis: carcinoma in situ - tumor only within the epithelium (the inner layer of the gallbladder)
T1: tumor invades the lamina propria or muscularis
T...
Article
Preinvasive lesions of the lung
Preinvasive lesions of the lung are those pulmonary lesions that have not yet progressed to malignancy but have the potential to do so. This category includes:
squamous dysplasia (SD) of lungs: squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS) of lung
preinvasive adenocarcinoma of the lung 5,6
atypical a...
Article
Peripheral intermediate and high-grade chondrosarcoma
Peripheral chondrosarcomas grade 2 and 3 are malignant intermediate and high-grade chondrogenic neoplasms originating from the bony surface in the chondral cap of pre-existing osteochondromas as a result of malignant transformation, thus the name secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma 1,2. Secondar...
Article
Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma is an aggressive malignant tumor of mesothelium and 90% of tumors arise from the pleura.
Other locations include 17:
peritoneal mesothelioma (~10%)
pericardial mesothelioma (<1%)
cystic/multicystic mesothelioma
tunica vaginalis testis mesothelioma (<1%)
Epidemiology
Mesotheli...
Article
Primary pleural lymphoma
Primary pleural lymphoma is extremely rare, especially in immunocompetent patients.
Epidemiology
Primary pleural lymphoma accounts for <0.5% of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma 2 and ~2.5% of primary chest wall tumors 4.
Pathology
Primary pleural lymphoma may be Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma with...
Article
Pleural metastases
Pleural metastases account for the vast majority of malignant lesions of the pleura and are more common than malignant mesothelioma.
Clinical presentation
The infiltration of the pleura usually manifests as pleural effusion, which is the first manifestation of pleural metastasis. In addition t...
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