Articles
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More than 200 results
Article
Post-thrombotic syndrome
Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a syndrome of chronic venous insufficiency following deep vein thrombosis (DVT) due to valvular incompetence, which results in chronic reflux and chronic venous hypertension.
Epidemiology
PTS is a common complication following extensive DVT of the limbs. Up to...
Article
Kawasaki disease
Kawasaki disease is a small to medium vessel vasculitis predominantly affecting young children. It can affect any organ but there is a predilection for the coronary vessels.
Epidemiology
Japan has the highest incidence in the world, with an annual incidence of 3 per 1000 children under the age...
Article
Pulmonary artery intramural hematoma
Pulmonary artery intramural hematoma (PA-IMH) refers to a hemorrhage within the wall of the pulmonary arteries. It can occur alone in the setting of a thoracic aortic injury or as a complication of an acute aortic dissection for example in a setting where the posterior wall of the aortic root is...
Article
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is defined as that occurring distal to the ligament of Treitz (i.e. from the jejunum, ileum, colon, rectum or anus) and presenting as either hematochezia (bright red blood/clots or burgundy stools) or melena.
Epidemiology
The incidence of lower gastrointe...
Article
Proteus syndrome
Proteus syndrome is a rare congenital, multisystemic, hamartomatous condition characterized by asymmetrical overgrowth of almost any part of the body and a broad spectrum of manifestations. It can affect tissue from any germinal layer.
Clinical presentation
Affected patients usually appear nor...
Article
Lie classification of vasculitis
The Lie classification of vasculitis was proposed in 1994 1.
Classification
Primary vasculitides
affecting large, medium, and small blood vessels (see large vessel vasculitides)
Takayasu arteritis
temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis)
isolated angiitis of the central nervous system
H...
Article
Fibroadipose vascular anomaly
Fibroadipose vascular anomaly (FAVA) is an intramuscular vascular anomaly consisting of phlebectasia (dilatation of veins) and fibrofatty replacement of muscle which was first described in 2014. It is in the "provisionally unclassified" category of the ISSVA classification of vascular anomalies....
Article
Bronchial artery
The bronchial arteries are the major supply of high-pressure oxygenated blood to the supporting structures of the lung, including the pulmonary arteries, but contribute only 1% of total lung blood flow. Blood in the bronchial circulation does not take part in gas exchange unless there is patholo...
Article
Aberrant right subclavian artery
Aberrant right subclavian arteries (ARSA), also known as arteria lusoria, are among the commonest aortic arch anomalies.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is 0.5-2% 1.
Associations
as can be expected from the embryological development of the artery, the right recurrent laryngeal nerve is...
Article
Brachiocephalic trunk
The brachiocephalic trunk (BCT) (also known as the brachiocephalic artery, and previously as the innominate artery) is the first branch of the aortic arch and supplies the head, neck and right arm.
Terminology
Although sometimes described as such, the brachiocephalic trunk is not one of the gr...
Article
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS or TIPSS) is a treatment for portal hypertension in which direct communication is formed between a hepatic vein and a branch of the portal vein, thus allowing some proportion of portal flow to bypass the liver. The target portosystemic gradient...
Article
Hepatic veins
Three large intrahepatic veins drain the liver parenchyma, into the inferior vena cava (IVC), and are named the right hepatic vein, middle hepatic vein and left hepatic vein. The veins are important landmarks, running in between and defining the segments of the liver. There are separate smaller ...
Article
Venous circle of Trolard
The anastomotic venous circle of the base of the brain 1, also referred to as the venous circle of Trolard 2,3,5, is an inconsistently found venous homologue of the better-known arterial circle of Willis.
It should not be confused with other venous structures also described by Trolard such as t...
Article
Callosomarginal artery
The callosomarginal artery, also known as median artery of corpus callosum, is the largest branch of the pericallosal artery. It courses within or posterior to the cingulate sulcus, in parallel orientation to the pericallosal artery. It divides to give two or more cortical branches to supply the...
Article
Basilar artery fenestration
Basilar artery fenestration (or more simply, basilar fenestration) is the most common intracranial arterial fenestration and most common congenital anomaly of the basilar artery. This anatomic variant is characterized by duplication of a portion of the artery that are connected proximally and di...
Article
Pericardiophrenic artery
The pericardiophrenic artery, also known as the pericardiacophrenic artery, is a branch of the internal thoracic artery that runs to the diaphragm where it anastomoses with both the musculophrenic and superior phrenic arteries. It runs with the phrenic nerve and pericardiophrenic vein between th...
Article
Perforating veins of the lower limb
The perforating veins of the lower limb (PV or “perforators”) are so called because they perforate the deep fascia of muscles, to connect the superficial venous systems of the lower extremity with the deep veins where they drain. There are numerous veins in variable arrangement, connection, size...
Article
Subclavian artery branches (mnemonic)
Helpful mnemonics to remember the branches of the subclavian artery include:
Very Indignant Tired Individuals Sip Tasty Almond Coffee Served Double Daily
VIT C, D (as in vitamins C and D)
Mnemonics
Very Indignant Tired Individuals Sip Tasty Almond Coffee Served Double Daily
V: vertebral art...
Article
Tibioperoneal trunk
The tibioperoneal or TP trunk, occasionally referred to as the tibiofibular trunk, is the direct continuation of the popliteal artery in the posterior upper leg after the anterior tibial artery origin. It is a short trunk that bifurcates into two terminal branches.
Summary
origin: continuatio...
Article
Contrast level within inferior vena cava
A dependent contrast level within the inferior vena cava is a situation that can be observed in some cases with inferior vena caval contrast reflux. Its presence is usually associated with very poor cardiac output and can be accompanied by dependent layering of venous refluxed contrast within th...
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