Search results for “COPD”
753 results found
Article
Carbon dioxide angiography
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an excellent negative contrast agent which has been used for a variety of vascular interventions since the introduction of digital subtraction angiography. Due to its high solubility rate and rapid diffusibility via the lungs, CO2 is safe for intravascular usage.
Physica...
Article
Bronchioles
Bronchioles are the branches of the tracheobronchial tree that by definition, are lacking in submucosal hyaline cartilage.
Gross anatomy
The bronchioles typically begin beyond the tertiary segmental bronchi and are described as conducting bronchioles. Following the tertiary segmental bronchi,...
Article
Miminally invasive direct coronary artery bypass
Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) is a novel method for bypassing diseased coronary arteries that can replace open coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) in certain situations, most commonly when bypassing the left anterior descending artery (LAD) with a left internal thora...
Article
Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis
Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is characterized by the presence of multiple gas-filled cysts in the submucosa and/or gastrointestinal subserosa of the small intestine. It is a subtype of pneumatosis with specific features, which can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, including ...
Article
Right ventricular enlargement
Right ventricular enlargement (also known as right ventricular dilatation (RVD)) can be the result of a number of conditions, including:
pulmonary valve stenosis
pulmonary arterial hypertension
atrial septal defect (ASD)
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
tricuspid regurgitation
dilated card...
Article
Pneumothorax (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Pneumothorax (pl: pneumothoraces) describes gas within the pleural space. This may occur because of a number of reasons and may be spontaneous. Patients will not always be symptomatic and treatment will depend on the cause....
Article
Reverse Bernheim phenomenon
Reverse Bernheim phenomenon, also known as reverse Bernheim syndrome or reverse Bernheim effect, describes the compromise of left ventricular filling caused by the interventricular septum bulging into the left ventricle. When there is right ventricular pressure and volume overload, the intervent...
Article
Finger clubbing (mnemonic)
A useful mnemonic to remember most of the causes of finger clubbing is:
CLUBBING
Mnemonic
C: cardiac
subacute infective endocarditis
cyanotic heart disease
atrial myxoma
L: lungs
lung abscess
empyema
cystic fibrosis
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
tuberculosis
bronchiectasis
mesothel...
Article
Tracheal web
A tracheal web is a membrane that narrows the tracheal lumen, sometimes perforated.
Epidemiology
The incidence of congenital tracheal web is 1:10,000 births. In adults, tracheal webs can form following infection, inflammation or intubation.
Clinical presentation
Clinical features depend on t...
Article
Pneumothorax in supine projection
A pneumothorax does not display classical signs when a patient is positioned supine for a chest radiograph as commonly occurs in acute trauma or the critical care setting. Of course, pneumothoraces are common in both these scenarios and even relatively small pneumothoraces may be significant due...
Article
Heat-related illness
Heat-related illnesses are on the increase due to increasing global temperatures. The normal physiological response to excessive heat is known as heat stress and although uncomfortable is generally not considered pathological. If this is not alleviated, then a true heat illness may result, which...
Article
Brittle asthma
Brittle asthma refers to a rare form of severe asthma.
Pathology
It is characterized by a wide variation of peak expiratory flow (PEF), in spite of heavy doses of steroid use. Brittle asthmatic patients had very serious and often, life-threatening, attacks.
Types have been described.
type 1:...
Article
Bronchiectasis Radiologically Indexed CT Score
The Bronchiectasis Radiologically Indexed CT Score (BRICS) is a severity assessment score for bronchiectasis, developed from a cohort of patients with idiopathic and postinfectious bronchiectasis, and was developed by combining the parameters of bronchial dilatation and number of bronchopulmonar...
Article
Thoracic histoplasmosis
Thoracic (or pulmonary) histoplasmosis refers to pulmonary manifestations from infection with the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum which is an organism endemic to the Central American state of El Salvador but can be found widely in other parts of both North and South America. It can have variable c...
Article
Symptomatic pneumothorax (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Pneumothoraces (singular: pneumothorax) are collections of gas within the pleural space. If the pneumothorax is under pressure, it is called a tension pneumothorax.
Reference article
This is a summary article; read more i...
Article
Synonyms
Synonyms, located below references when in edit mode, are used in a number of scenarios.
What is a synonym?
A synonym is essentially a 'redirect' to an article. This enables links created to article A to pass to article B, provided article B has an added synonym "article A".
Having extensiv...
Article
Cor pulmonale
Cor pulmonale refers to altered structure and function of the right ventricle due to chronic lung disease-related pulmonary hypertension (group 3). The mechanism involves hypoxic vasoconstriction which leads to permanent changes in the pulmonary vascular bed. Cor pulmonale generally progresses s...
Article
Tracheomalacia
Tracheomalacia, or sometimes described as tracheobronchomalacia, is a common incidental finding on imaging of the chest of older patients and manifests as an increase in tracheal diameter as well as a tendency to collapse on expiration.
Tracheomalacia can be broadly considered as being congenit...
Article
Troponin
Troponin is a protein of key importance in the functioning of skeletal and cardiac muscles. It forms part of the contractile mechanism and comprises three main subunits: troponin C, troponin I, and troponin T.
Troponin elevation
Elevation of serum troponin can occur from a number of causes an...
Article
Platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome
Platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome refers to the concomitant occurrence of dyspnea and hypoxemia, respectively, which are precipitated by assuming an upright position and alleviated by assuming a recumbent position 4.
Clinical presentation
As the name of the syndrome suggests, the hallmark clinic...
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