Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Extensor hallucis brevis muscle
The extensor hallucis brevis (EHB) is a muscle on the dorsal surface of the foot which helps to extend the big toe.
Summary
origin: superolateral surface of calcaneus
insertion: base of proximal phalanx of great toe
action: extension of metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe
arterial supply...
Article
Os acetabuli
Os acetabuli (plural: ossa acetabuli) are small ossicles adjacent to the acetabular roof regions and may represent an unfused secondary ossification center of the acetabulum or pathological sequelae (e.g. acetabular rim fracture, femoroacetabular impingement).
Gross anatomy
Ossa acetabuli are ...
Article
Paravesical space
The paravesical spaces are paired avascular spaces of the pelvis. The paravesical spaces generally contain fat, but can become filled with ascites, blood, or other substances during pathological processes.
Gross anatomy
Boundaries
superior: lateral umbilical folds
inferior: pubocervical fasc...
Article
Cardinal ligament
The cardinal ligaments, also known as transverse cervical ligaments or Mackenrodt ligaments, are paired structures that act to support the pelvic organs of the female pelvis. These along with the uterosacral and pubocervical ligaments, provide support to prevent pelvic organ prolapse 1.
Gross ...
Article
Intercostal nerve
The intercostal nerves are the somatic nerves that arise from the anterior divisions of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11. These nerves in addition to supplying the thoracic wall also supply the pleura and peritoneum.
Gross anatomy
Intercostal nerves can be divided into atypical and ty...
Article
Intercostobrachial nerve
The intercostobrachial nerve is a lateral cutaneous branch of the second intercostal nerve that supplies sensation to the skin of the axilla. It leaves the second intercostal space at the midaxillary line and subsequently pierces the serratus anterior muscle to enter the subcutaneous tissues of ...
Article
Radial nerve
The radial nerve is one of five main branches of the brachial plexus. It provides motor and sensory innervation to the arm and forearm and sensory innervation to the hand.
Summary
origin: one of two terminal branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
course: posteromedially with t...
Article
Condylar emissary veins
The condylar emissary veins (anterior, lateral, posterior) are major posterior cranial fossa emissary veins:
anterior condylar vein connects the internal vertebral venous plexus to the internal jugular vein
lateral and posterior condylar veins connect the external vertebral venous system with ...
Article
Thyroid cartilage
The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the cartilages of the larynx, with its superior border sitting at the level of the C4 vertebra.
Gross anatomy
The thyroid cartilage consists of bilateral flattened laminae that are fused in the anterior midline to form the laryngeal prominence (Adam's ap...
Article
Talar declination angle
The talar declination angle is used to assess the longitudinal arch height including in Charcot foot.
Measurement
The talar declination angle is drawn on the weight-bearing lateral foot radiograph between the mid-talar axis and the supporting surface.
Interpretation
It should usually measure...
Article
Submandibular ganglion
The submandibular ganglion is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. It receives parasympathetic fibers from the facial nerve.
Gross anatomy
small ganglion suspended from the undersurface of the lingual nerve
inferior to submandibular duct sitting on the hyoglossus muscle
...
Article
Pterygopalatine ganglion
The pterygopalatine ganglion (also known as the nasal ganglion, or sphenopalatine ganglion) is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck and largest of the peripheral parasympathetic ganglia. It receives parasympathetic fibers from the facial nerve.
Gross anatomy
ganglion locate...
Article
Parietal foramen
The parietal foramina are inconstant foramina on each side of the posterior aspect of the parietal bone near the sagittal suture and represent a normal anatomic variant. They transmit emissary veins, draining to the superior sagittal sinus, and occasionally a branch of the occipital artery. The ...
Article
Uterine duplication anomalies
Uterine duplication anomalies are a group of Müllerian duct anomalies where fusion of the Müllerian duct associated structures fail to some degree:
uterus didelphys: class III
bicornuate uterus: class IV (second commonest duplication anomaly)
septate uterus: class V (commonest duplication ano...
Article
Popliteal lymph nodes
The popliteal lymph nodes (often shortened to the popliteal nodes) are deep lymph nodes within the popliteal fossa of the knee, in close proximity to the popliteal vessels.
Most individuals have between two to nine popliteal lymph nodes, which form a small cluster, in close proximity to the ner...
Article
Lymphatic drainage of the breast
Lymphatic drainage of breast originates from breast lobules and flows through intramammary nodes and channels into a subareolar plexus, called Sappey’s plexus. From this plexus, lymphatic drainage takes place through three main routes that parallel venous tributaries. Lymphatics from the left br...
Article
Brown adipose tissue
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) (also known as brown fat) is one of two types of adipose tissue (the other one being white fat) important for producing thermal energy (heat, non-shivering thermogenesis), especially in the newborn. It constitutes ~5% of body mass in the newborn and tends to reduce mar...
Article
Wernicke's area
Wernicke's area (Brodmann area 22) is an area of the posterior temporal lobe in the dominant hemisphere concerned with the receptive components of speech.
Gross anatomy
Wernicke's area is located in the superior temporal gyrus, posterior to the posterior commissure line.
Relations
It is boun...
Article
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobe is by far the largest of the four lobes of the cerebrum (other lobes: parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe), and is responsible for many of the functions which produce voluntary and purposeful action.
Gross anatomy
The frontal lobe is the largest lobe accounting fo...
Article
Perilabral sulcus
The perilabral sulcus is a physiological space between the acetabular labrum and capsule of the hip joint, which inserts next to the base of the labrum and is therefore intra-articular.
Superiorly the capsule's attachment is displaced from the labrum by a few millimeters and thus the sulcus is ...
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