Articles
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More than 200 results
Article
McDonald and McClellan classification of crossed renal ectopias
The McDonald and McClellan classification is the most commonly used classification of crossed renal ectopia. It divides them into four types based on whether there is fusion or not and whether it is unilateral or bilateral. Crossed fused renal ectopia is then further divided depending on the ori...
Article
Waldenström classification of Perthes disease
The Waldenström classification of Perthes disease refers to x-ray abnormalities and represents four temporal phases of the disease. These stages have been further subdivided in the modified Elizabethtown classification 2.
stage I: early
asymmetric femoral epiphyseal size (smaller on the affect...
Article
Not otherwise specified (NOS)
Not otherwise specified (NOS) is a term used in a variety of classification systems to denote an entity that has been only incompletely characterized; enough for a general diagnosis but not to the point of a complete diagnosis.
The definition and use will vary between different classification ...
Article
Diffuse axonal injury (grading)
Grading of diffuse axonal injury due to trauma is described according to the anatomic distribution of injury. Contrary to the implication of the word "diffuse," diffuse axonal injury has a topological predilection for focal involvement of certain sites in the brain. These sites, in turn, vary in...
Article
Lugano classification (response to treatment on CT)
The Lugano classification is a lymphoma staging system resulting from recommended changes in 2011 to the Ann Arbor staging with Cotswolds modifications. This article outlines the classification's response to treatment based on CT.
Also included in the classification are staging and response to...
Article
Judet and Letournel classification for acetabular fractures
The Judet and Letournel classification divides acetabular fractures into ten major fracture patterns, five simple patterns and five complex patterns 1,2.
Usage
The Judet and Letournal classification is the most commonly used system for classifying acetabular fractures (c.2023), and its primary...
Article
Global cortical atrophy scale
The global cortical atrophy (GCA) scale, also known as the Pasquier scale, is a qualitative rating system developed to assess cerebral atrophy, especially in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. It evaluates atrophy in 13 brain regions assessed separately in each hemisphere and resulting i...
Article
NeuroImaging Radiological Interpretation System (NIRIS) for acute traumatic brain injury
The NeuroImaging Radiological Interpretation System (NIRIS) is a scheme for structured contextual reporting of CT head examinations of suspected head injuries.
The NIRIS was proposed 1 in 2018 by a multi-institute group of neuroradiologists based at Stanford University. Its unique objective is ...
Article
Classification of endoleaks
Endoleaks occur when an aneurysmal sac continues to be pressurised despite endoluminal stent placement. See the full article on endoleaks here.
Classification
There are five types:
type I: leak at graft ends (inadequate seal) - most common after repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms 4
Ia: prox...
Article
Graf method for ultrasound classification of developmental dysplasia of the hip
The Graf method for ultrasound classification system for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in infants describes both alpha and beta angles.
As a general rule, the alpha angle determines the type, and the beta angle determines the subtype. The angle is formed by the acetabular roof to the...
Article
Nottingham classification
The Nottingham classification is used at the end of work up of a breast lesion to help guide management.
A = malignant
lesion needs surgical excision regardless of biopsy result
B = indeterminate
will accept a benign biopsy result, but only if it is congruent with imaging, i.e. a well circum...
Article
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy is defined as a "disease of the myocardium with associated cardiac dysfunction" 1. It has been classified according to several systems:
1995 WHO/ISFC cardiomyopathy classification system
Elliott et al. classification system: published by the European Society of Cardiology Workin...
Article
Gustilo Anderson classification
The Gustilo Anderson classification, also known as the Gustilo classification, is the most widely accepted classification system of open (or compound) fractures.
The grading system is used to guide management of compound fractures, with higher grade injuries associated with higher risk of compl...
Article
Esophageal atresia (classification)
Esophageal atresia is closely related to tracheo-esophageal fistula and can be divided into1:
type A: isolated esophageal atresia (8%)
type B: proximal fistula with distal atresia (1%)
type C: proximal atresia with distal fistula (85%)
type D: double fistula with intervening atresia (1%)
ty...
Article
Osteogenesis imperfecta classification
Several forms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) have been classified, representing a wide variation in appearance and severity, and clinical features vary widely not only between types but within types.
Classification
Osteogenesis imperfecta was initially classified by type according to a scheme...
Article
Traynelis classification of atlanto-occipital dislocations
The Traynelis classification of atlanto-occipital dislocations describes injuries of the atlanto-occipital joint according to the displacement of the occipital condyles relative to the atlas:
type I: anterior displacement
type II: longitudinal distraction (superior-inferior displacement)
type...
Article
Neck imaging reporting and data system (NI-RADS)
NI-RADS (Neck Imaging and Reporting and Data System) is a lexicon and risk classification proposed by the American College of Radiology for reporting surveillance imaging of treated head and neck cancer. The terminology and categories may be applied to any head and neck malignancy (e.g. squamous...
Article
WHO classification of tumors of the kidney
The World Health Organisatiοn (WHO) classification of tumors of the kidney is the most commonly used pathologic classification system for such disorders. The revision, part of the 4th edition of the WHO series, was published in 2016 as part of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Urinary Syst...
Article
McDonald diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis
McDonald diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis are clinical, radiographic, and laboratory criteria used in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. They were originally introduced in 2001 and revised multiple times (see "previous versions" below) most recently in 2017 5. A brief 2024 update is ...
Article
Winquist and Hansen classification of femoral shaft fractures
The Winquist and Hansen classification of femoral shaft fractures is based on fracture comminution and stability.
Usage
The Winquist system is commonly used along with the AO/OTA classification of femoral diaphyseal fractures 4.
This classification was originally used to assist (along with ot...
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