Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
CT guided adrenal biopsy
CT guided adrenal biopsy is usually performed for the diagnosis of indeterminate adrenal nodules or tumors. This procedure has steadily declined in use since 1990s due to improvements in, and validation of, non-invasive CT and MR techniques that can now diagnose benign adrenal lesions with a hig...
Article
Pinch off syndrome
Pinch-off syndrome is a spontaneous catheter fracture, which is seen as a complication of subclavian venous catheterization.
Epidemiology
It is a known complication of central venous catheterization with a much-reduced incidence in current practice and is generally considered to be rare.
Radi...
Article
Basilar artery aneurysm
Basilar artery aneurysms are less common than anterior circulation aneurysms, and rupture less frequently, but their critical location necessitates careful evaluation.
Unruptured basilar artery aneurysms occurs in 3% of all intracranial aneurysms 4.
Radiographic features
CT
may present as a...
Article
Symphyseal cleft injection
Symphyseal cleft injections (symphysography) are performed as both diagnostic and therapeutic measures for patients with (suspected) osteitis pubis, usually under CT or fluoroscopy.
Indications
suspected or confirmed osteitis pubis
Contraindications
factors to be considered as per any muscu...
Article
Hepatic chemosaturation
Hepatic chemosaturation is a percutaneous technique used to locally treat unresectable hepatic metastases in patients without systemic disease.
Technique
The key to this technique is isolating the blood supply to the liver. This is achieved by:
closure of the gastro-duodenal artery by coiling...
Article
Radiologist
What is a radiologist?
A radiologist is a specialist doctor who uses medical imaging such as x-ray, MRI, CT, ultrasound and angiography, to diagnose and treat human disease or injury. Radiologists undergo lengthy training and assessment in order to be accredited by relevant governing boards and...
Article
Multiphase CT angiography in acute ischemic stroke
Multiphase CT angiography is an evolving imaging technique in acute ischemic stroke. The technique aims to quickly and reliably identify brain which is potentially salvageable with intervention. Brain tissue viability depends on many factors, with this technique assessing collateral leptomeninge...
Article
Radiofrequency ablation
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a medical procedure that uses a high-frequency alternating current produced by a radiofrequency generator oscillating in a closed-loop circuit. This current heats a needle to over 60°C, which is used to cause intentional protein denaturation and tissue damage 1.
...
Article
Periprocedural anticoagulation
Periprocedural anticoagulation planning is essential when planning an interventional procedure so that the best balance between the risk of bleeding and thrombosis can be achieved.
The following must be considered in the assessment of periprocedural anticoagulation:
bleeding risks associated w...
Article
Subtalar joint injection (technique)
Subtalar joint injections are most often performed for osteoarthritis with injection into the posterior subtalar joint. Ultrasound, fluoroscopy and CT guidance can be used.
Indications
osteoarthritis
diagnostic
Contraindications
Absolute
anaphylaxis to contrast/injectates
active local/sy...
Article
Preoperative pulmonary nodule localization
Preoperative pulmonary nodule localization is a CT-guided procedure where a marker is applied to a usually small lung lesion to assist in its surgical identification and resection. The widespread use of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and the advance in robotically assisted surgical inter...
Article
Glenohumeral arthrography
Glenohumeral (shoulder) arthrography is an imaging technique used to evaluate the glenohumeral joint to evaluate the joint components. A glenohumeral joint injection is usually performed under fluoroscopic guidance although ultrasound and CT can be also be used. An alternative to direct arthrogr...
Article
Carbon dioxide angiography
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an excellent negative contrast agent which has been used for a variety of vascular interventions since the introduction of digital subtraction angiography. Small volumes can be rapidly eliminated by the lungs in a single pass, facilitating safe usage for certain vascular ...
Article
Type III endoleak
A type III endoleak is a type of endoleak which usually occurs through a defect in the graft. It may be divided into two components.
IIIa: junctional separation of the modular components
IIIb: fractures or holes involving the endograft
Epidemiology
It is relatively uncommon and only occurs ...
Article
Lumbar interlaminar epidural injection
Lumbar interlaminar epidural injections are one of some possible spinal epidural injections. For an alternative approach for the same region, please refer to the article on lumbar transforaminal epidural injections.
Indications
Typically, epidural injections are performed in patients with rad...
Article
Seldinger technique
The Seldinger technique is the mainstay of vascular and other luminal access in interventional radiology.
Uses
digital subtraction angiography
insertion of central venous catheters
insertion of chest drains
insertion of pacemaker leads or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators
insertion ...
Article
Arteriovenous access
Arteriovenous access is required for haemodialysis in renal failure patients. The upper limb is generally preferred as a site, however, lower limb access can also be obtained. Ultrasound is the preferred modality for evaluation of the vessels prior to creating an access.
Types
arteriovenous fi...
Article
Percutaneous renal biopsy
Percutaneous renal biopsy, utilizing either ultrasound or CT, allows for an accurate, reliable method of acquiring renal tissue for histopathological assessment.
The biopsy may be of a native or transplant kidney. It is divided into two types:
non-focal or non-targeted
focal or targeted (i.e....
Article
Abdominal paracentesis
An abdominal paracentesis (plural: paracenteses), more commonly referred to as an ascitic tap, is a procedure that can be performed to collect peritoneal fluid for analysis or as a therapeutic intervention.
Indications
diagnostic: especially for newly-diagnosed ascites
determine etiology of a...
Article
Greater trochanteric bursa injection (technique)
Greater femoral trochanteric bursa injections under ultrasound guidance ensure the injectate is accurately given into the bursa. The greater trochanteric bursa is the largest of the bursae surrounding the proximal femur, with the others including the subgluteus minimus and subgluteus medius burs...
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