Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Aberrant right subclavian artery
Aberrant right subclavian arteries (ARSA), also known as arteria lusoria, are among the commonest aortic arch anomalies.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is 0.5-2% 1.
Associations
as can be expected from the embryological development of the artery, the right recurrent laryngeal nerve is...
Article
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas)
Perivascular epithelioid cells tumors (PEComas) are a group of related mesenchymal tumors and tumor-like conditions found in many locations. This group includes:
angiomyolipoma (AML)
clear cell "sugar" tumor of the lung
lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM)
clear cell myomelanocytic tumor (CCMMT)
...
Article
Bronchial atresia
Bronchial atresia is a developmental anomaly characterized by focal obliteration of the proximal segment of a bronchus associated with hyperinflation of the distal lung.
On imaging, it commonly presents as a proximal focal tubular-shaped opacity radiating from the hilum associated with a dista...
Article
Brachiocephalic trunk
The brachiocephalic trunk (BCT) (also known as the brachiocephalic artery, and previously as the innominate artery) is the first branch of the aortic arch and supplies the head, neck and right arm.
Terminology
Although sometimes described as such, the brachiocephalic trunk is not one of the gr...
Article
Lipomatosis
Lipomatosis is a condition where there is diffuse excessive fat deposition within the body. Although considered a single entity in the WHO classification of soft tissue and bone tumors 7, lipomatosis encompasses a variety of conditions heterogeneous in demographics, distribution and etiology. Th...
Article
Pulmonary contusion
A pulmonary contusion refers to an interstitial and/or alveolar lung injury without any frank laceration. It usually occurs secondary to non-penetrating trauma.
Epidemiology
While contusion can affect anyone, children are considered more susceptible due to greater pliability of the chest wall...
Article
CVC position on chest x-ray (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Chest x-ray CVC (central venous catheter) position should be assessed following initial placement and on subsequent radiographs.
Reference article
This is a summary article; for a more in-depth reference article see centr...
Article
Lady Windermere syndrome
Lady Windermere syndrome refers to a pattern of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection seen typically in elderly white women who chronically suppress the normal cough reflex. A fastidious nature and a reticence to expectorate are believed to predispose such persons to infections w...
Article
Angioinvasive aspergillosis
Angioinvasive aspergillosis is the most severe and aggressive form of invasive aspergillosis. It is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt treatment. Fortunately, it is not seen in the general population and only occurs in profoundly immunocompromised patients.
Epidemiology
Angioin...
Article
Mediastinal seminoma
Mediastinal seminomas or mediastinal germinomas are primary malignant germ cell tumors of the mediastinum.
Epidemiology
Mediastinal seminomas are rare mediastinal tumors and account for up to one-third of primary malignant mediastinal germ cell tumors 1. They are almost only found in males ≥10...
Article
Contrast level within inferior vena cava
A dependent contrast level within the inferior vena cava is a situation that can be observed in some cases with inferior vena caval contrast reflux. Its presence is usually associated with very poor cardiac output and can be accompanied by dependent layering of venous refluxed contrast within th...
Article
Tuberculous pleural effusion
A tuberculous pleural effusion is one of the manifestations of pleural tuberculosis. It can have variable presentation ranging from a largely benign pleural effusion, with potential to completely resolve to a complicated effusion with loculations, pleural thickening and potentially progressing t...
Article
Interstitial lung disease associated with primary biliary cholangitis
Interstitial lung disease associated with primary biliary cholangitis can occur in a variable pattern that can include 1:
pulmonary fibrosis
lymphoid interstitial pneumonia
non-specific interstitial pneumonia
bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia
Epidemiology
It may occur in a...
Article
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (commonly abbreviated to TB, short for tubercle bacillus) encompasses an enormously wide disease spectrum affecting multiple organs and body systems predominantly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A small proportion can also be caused by Mycobacterium bovis through drinking unpa...
Article
Crizotinib associated interstitial pneumonitis
Crizotinib associated interstitial pneumonitis is a type of drug-induced lung disease precipitated by a tyrosine kinase/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor Crizotinib used in the treatment of certain forms of non-small cell lung cancer that have certain mutations including the ROS1 mutati...
Article
Ventilator induced lung injury
Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is a type of acute lung injury usually inflicted or aggravated by mechanical ventilation. It may occur during invasive or non-invasive ventilation.
Pathology
The predominant mechanisms include:
alveolar overdistention (volutrauma) / regional lung overdist...
Article
Thymic hyperplasia
Thymic hyperplasia is a disorder whereby there is hyperplasia of the thymus.
Pathology
Thymic hyperplasia can be subdivided into two forms:
true thymic hyperplasia
lymphoid thymic hyperplasia
Both true thymic hyperplasia and lymphoid hyperplasia manifest as diffuse symmetric enlargement of...
Article
Aortic hiatus
The aortic hiatus is one of the three major apertures through the diaphragm and lies at the level of T12. Strictly speaking, it is not a real aperture in the diaphragm, but an osseoaponeurotic opening between it and the vertebral column.
The hiatus is situated slightly to the left of the midli...
Article
Pseudo Meigs syndrome
Pseudo Meigs syndrome refers to a clinical syndrome of pleural effusion and ascites associated with an ovarian tumor that is not a fibroma or a fibroma-like tumor.
Pathology
Entities that have been reported to result in pseudo Meigs syndrome include
Krukenberg tumors
colon carcinoma metastas...
Article
Primary pulmonary artery leiomyosarcoma
Primary pulmonary artery leiomyosarcoma is a form of thoracic sarcoma and an extremely rare tumor of the thorax.
Epidemiology
The reported incidence rate is very low at around ~0.001-0.03%. Most patients are around 40 and 60 years at time of diagnosis.
Pathology
They are a smooth muscle tu...
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