Articles
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More than 200 results
Article
Brenner tumor
Brenner tumors are an uncommon surface epithelial tumor of the ovary. It was originally known as a transitional cell tumor due to its histological similarity to the urothelium. Brenner tumors account for ~3% of ovarian epithelial neoplasms. They can very rarely occur in other locations, includin...
Article
Ovarian cystadenofibroma
Ovarian cystadenofibromas are a relatively uncommon benign epithelial ovarian tumor where the fibrous stroma remains a dominant component of the neoplasm. As a group, they are thought to represent ~1.7 % of all benign ovarian tumors 3.
Pathology
Lesions can be bilateral in ~15% of cases. Altho...
Article
Serous carcinoma of the endometrium
Serous carcinoma of the endometrium is an uncommon histological subtype of endometrial carcinoma accounting for only 5-10% of all such tumors 2. It is has a clinically aggressive form with early extension of the tumor via fallopian tubes into the peritoneum and peritoneal seeding. This accounts ...
Article
Uterine sarcoma
Uterine sarcoma is a malignant uterine tumor thats is composed of part or all sarcomatous (mesodermal) elements. They however account for a minority of all uterine malignancies (1-6% 3,4).
Pathology
Classification
They can be broadly classified as pure or mixed 4:
mixed
carcinosarcoma of t...
Article
Cesarian scar endometriosis
Cesarian scar endometriosis can be located in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, rectus muscle/sheath, intraperitoneally, or in the uterine myometrium (within uterine scar).
Epidemiology
The reported incidence of abdominal scar endometriosis following cesarean section is 0.03-0.6% 6.
Clinical pre...
Article
Uterine leiomyosarcoma
Uterine leiomyosarcomas are malignant uterine tumors that arise from the myometrium. The uterus is the commonest location for a leiomyosarcoma.
Epidemiology
Typically, these tumors present in women in the 6th decade. They account for up to one-third of uterine sarcomas but only ~8% of all uter...
Article
Ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary is a rare malignant ovarian mucinous tumor. This type can account for 5-10% of all ovarian mucinous tumors. It is a type of ovarian epithelial tumor.
Pathology
Retrospective studies have suggested that many mucinous carcinomas initially diagnosed as pr...
Article
Parasitic leiomyoma
Parasitic leiomyomas are considered a type of extra-uterine leiomyoma and present as peritoneal pelvic benign smooth-muscle masses separate from the uterus.
Pathology
This sort of leiomyoma likely originates as a pedunculated subserosal leiomyoma that twists and torses from its uterine pedicl...
Article
Carcinosarcoma of the female genital tract
Carcinosarcomas of the female genital tract, previously known as malignant mixed Müllerian tumors (MMMTs), are uncommon malignancies that can occur anywhere along the female genital tract.
Terminology
Carcinosarcomas of the female genital tract were previously known as malignant mixed Mülleria...
Article
Metastases to the uterus
Metastases to the uterus is a rare occurrence accounting for less than 10% of all cases of metastases to the female genital tract from extragenital cancers 3. The endometrium is reported to be even less frequently affected by metastases.
Uterine metastases however can occur from a number of si...
Article
Uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential
Uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) is defined by the World Health Organization as a heterogeneous group of uterine smooth muscle tumors that cannot be histologically diagnosed as unequivocally benign or malignant 1.
See also
WHO classification of uterine tumo...
Article
Infertility in the exam
It is important to have a systematic way of approaching a case with subfertility in the exam.
Ultrasound is the initial examination of choice. Always say that you would further assess the uterus with 3D ultrasound. You may also say that in my department we would perform a sonohysterogram or HS...
Article
FIGO classification system for uterine leiomyoma
The FIGO classification system for uterine leiomyoma (fibroids) classifies uterine leiomyomas based on location.
Usage
This classification system was developed for clinical and research purposes 2, however, in clinical use, there is significant variation in agreement 3.
Classification
Submuc...
Article
Ovarian mucinous cystadenoma
Mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary is at the benign end of the spectrum of mucin-containing epithelial ovarian tumors.
Epidemiology
The estimated peak incidence is at around 30-50 years of age.
They comprise approximately 80% of mucinous ovarian tumors and 20-25% of all benign ovarian tumors....
Article
Enhanced myometrial vascularity
Enhanced myometrial vascularity (EMV), often misdiagnosed as an acquired uterine arteriovenous malformation, is the presence of transiently increased blood flow within the uterine myometrium, typically associated with complications of pregnancy.
Terminology
Somewhat confusingly, the term “enh...
Article
Cervix
The cervix or uterine cervix is the lower constricted segment of the uterus providing the passage between the uterus proper and the vagina.
Gross anatomy
The cervix is somewhat conical in shape, with its truncated apex directed posteriorly and inferiorly. The inferior aspect of the cervix pro...
Article
Abdominal and pelvic anatomy
Abdominal and pelvic anatomy encompasses the anatomy of all structures of the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
This anatomy section promotes the use of the Terminologia Anatomica, the international standard of anatomical nomenclature.
Article
Primary ovarian lymphoma
Primary ovarian lymphoma (POL) refers to the involvement of the ovary with lymphoma but without the involvement of any other site. It is an extremely rare yet well-recognized condition.
Epidemiology
Primary ovarian lymphoma accounts for ~1.5% of ovarian tumors 5.
Pathology
The rarity of this...
Article
Acute abdominal pain
Acute abdominal pain is a common acute presentation in clinical practice. It encompasses a very broad range of possible etiologies and diagnoses, and imaging is routinely employed as the primary investigative tool in its modern management.
Terminology
A subgroup of patients with acute abdomina...
Article
Ovarian vein thrombosis
Ovarian vein thrombosis (actually most often thrombophlebitis) occurs most commonly in postpartum patients and can result in pulmonary emboli. A presentation is usually with acute pelvic pain in the postpartum period, then termed puerperal ovarian vein thrombosis or postpartum ovarian vein throm...
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